Glossary Term
Oligonucleotide
A DNA polymer made up of a small number of nucleotides.
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Glossary Term
A DNA polymer made up of a small number of nucleotides.
Glossary Term
Short DNA oligonucleotide chains used to prime DNA (and in some cases RNA) synthesis.
Glossary Term
A small-scale mutation in which a single nucleotide is exchanged for another. Mutagenic chemicals and mistakes in DNA replication may result in point mutations.
Glossary Term
General term for a piece of DNA or RNA corresponding to a gene or sequence of interest, that has been labelled either radioactively or with some other detectable molecule, such as biotin, digoxygenin or fluorescein. As stretches of DNA or RNA with complementary sequences will hybridize, a probe will label viral plaques, bacterial colonies or bands on a gel that contain the gene of interest.
Glossary Term
A DNA sequence at which RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription.
Glossary Term
Nonfunctional DNA sequences that are very similar to the sequences of known genes. Many seem to have arisen as functional gene duplications that subsequently underwent mutation and loss of function. Others are structurally similar to mRNA and seem to have arisen by a reverse transcription event followed by integration into the genome. Some pseudogenes are transcribed and may play a role in regulation of its homologous gene.
Glossary Term
Enzymes that exhibit endonuclease activity at a specific short nucleotide sequence to cleave strands of DNA.
Glossary Term
A sequence in DNA that can be recognized by a specific restriction enzyme.
Glossary Term
An RNA-dependent DNA polymerase that is involved in the replication of retroviruses an in the maintenance of telomeres.
Glossary Term
A two-step setup in which RNA is first copied into complementary DNA by a reverse transcriptase and then amplified by PCR. Used for RNA viruses such as influenza, RSV, SARS-CoV-2, and HCV. In procurement documents, confirm whether "RT-PCR" refers to real-time (quantitative) or endpoint (qualitative) reading.
Glossary Term
The action of copying RNA into DNA by reverse transcriptase.
Glossary Term
Single-stranded long chain of nucleotides containing ribose. It is the end product of DNA transcription by the enzyme RNA polymerase. It is essential in protein synthesis.