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Glossary Term
How close amplification is to ideal doubling each cycle, reported as a percentage or derived from the standard curve slope. Efficiency near 90–110% with a linear standard curve supports quantification claims; it is a standard checklist item when auditing assay validation dossiers.
Glossary Term
Acetylation involves the covalent linkage of an acetyl group into an organic molecule.
Glossary Term
The adhesion of a gas, liquid or dissolved solid chemical of interest onto a solid surface.
Glossary Term
The strength of noncovalent chemical binding between two substances as measured by the dissociation constant of the complex.
Glossary Term
Mutually exclusive alternative forms of the same gene occupying the same locus on homologous chromosomes, differing in nucleotide sequence and governing the same biochemical and developmental process.
Glossary Term
Alternate Splicing is a process in which multiple protein isoforms or products are generated from a single gene as a result of splicing together different nonconsecutive exons during the processing of initially identical nascent transcripts of a gene into mature mRNA transcripts. An exon may be connected to any one of several alternative exons to form the mRNA and generate related proteins, often in a tissue or developmental stage specific manner.
Glossary Term
A type of protein made by B lymphocytes in response to a foreign substance (antigen). Each antibody only binds to a specific antigen, helping to destroy the antigen directly or by assisting white blood cells to destroy the antigen.
Glossary Term
Any substance, generally a protein, that stimulates the immune system and elicits an immune response. Recognition by the immune system elicits either a T-lymphocyte response, recognizing processed antigens, or a B-lymphocyte response, producing antibodies that bind to unprocessed antigens.
Glossary Term
A chromosome not involved in sex determination. The diploid human genome consists of a total of 46 chromosomes which includes 22 pairs of autosomes.
Glossary Term
Strength of binding, usually of a small molecule with multiple binding sites by a larger, particularly the binding of a complex antigen by an antibody.
Glossary Term
Initiation of DNA base excision repair (BER) involves a DNA glycosylase that binds the altered deoxynucleoside in an extrahelical position and catalyzes cleavage of the base-sugar bond. Subsequently, an AP endonuclease or AP lyase activity incises the abasic site, followed by short-patch gap-filling, excision of the base-free sugar-phosphate residue, and ligation.
Glossary Term
The paired nucleotides in a DNA or RNA sequence.
