Loading
Search products, companies, tests, and guides — go from query to quote request in one place.
Glossary Term
A sequence of single-stranded RNA, that is 20-25 nucleotides in length, which is transcribed from DNA but is not translated into a protein. This nucleic acid may regulate the transcription or translation of other genes.
Glossary Term
A point mutation occurring within the protein-coding region of a gene, and which codes for a different amino acid than expected.
Glossary Term
A point mutation occurring within the protein-coding region of a gene, and which codes for a stop that can truncate the protein.
Glossary Term
Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) mends DNA regions that contain chemical adducts, such as UV-induced thymine dimers or carcinogenic adducts, which distort the DNA helix and interfere with replication and transcription. NER is targeted to actively transcribed regions of the genome. During NER in eukaryotes, shape irregularities are detected by protein complexes that slide along the DNA molecule and induce cuts on each side of a lesion several nucleotides away. Removal of the damaged 25-30 nucleotide fragment is followed by repair synthesis and ligation.
Glossary Term
An enzymatic pre-treatment in nucleic-acid extraction that degrades proteins and nucleases, releasing nucleic acids from clinical material before binding, wash, and elution steps.
Glossary Term
Refers to the total protein-encoding capability of an organism's genome. It is also used to refer to the actual total expressed protein complement of an organism or to the identifiable proteins of a single tissue or cell type or subcellular compartment.
Glossary Term
The global analysis of cellular proteins. Proteomics uses a combination of sophisticated techniques including two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis, image analysis, mass spectrometry, amino acid sequencing, and bio-informatics to resolve comprehensively, to quantify, and to characterize proteins. The application of proteomics provides major opportunities to elucidate disease mechanisms and to identify new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets.
Glossary Term
One of the three possible ways of reading a nucleotide sequence. As the genetic code is read in nonoverlapping triplets (codons) there are three possible ways of translating a sequence of nucleotides into a protein, each with a different starting point.
Glossary Term
Ribonuclease inhibitor (461 aa, ~50 kDa) is encoded by the human RNH1 gene. This protein plays a role in the inhibition of ribonucleases.
Glossary Term
Single-stranded long chain of nucleotides containing ribose. It is the end product of DNA transcription by the enzyme RNA polymerase. It is essential in protein synthesis.
Glossary Term
An RNA molecule that does not contain protein-coding sequence information and constitutes the majority of the cellular RNA (~80%). This nucleic acid associates with multiple proteins to form ribosomes, which are the organelles that drive mRNA-directed protein synthesis.
Glossary Term
A point mutation occurring within the protein-coding region of a gene, and which codes for the same amino acid as expected.
