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Technology
A highly sensitive technique for detecting and measuring antigens or antibodies in a solution; the solution is run over a surface to which immobilized antibodies specific to the substance have been attached, and if the substance is present, it will bind to the antibody layer, and its presence is verified and visualized with an application of antibodies that have been tagged in some way. (BioTech Life Science Dictionary)
Technology
Any of several immunoassay methods that use an enzyme covalently linked to an antigen or antibody as a label; the most common types are enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and enzyme-multiplied immunoassay technique (EMIT).
Technology
A type of homogenous immunoassay in which sample is applied to a reagent mixture of enzyme-labeled ligand, antibody, and substrate. Substrate binding to enzyme leads to inactivation and unlabeled-ligand in the sample can be quantified by colorimetric analysis.
Technology
An immunological procedure in which the antibodies are coupled with molecules which fluoresce under ultra violet (UV) light. This makes them particularly suitable for detection of specific antigens in tissues or on cells.
Technology
A type of chromatography assay in which an antibody-conjugate is passed over an immobilized antigen, giving a visual indication of positive or negative result.
Technology
A quantitative technique used to detect and estimate the concentration of an antigen by measuring the precipitation which is formed as a result of the interaction of the antigen and an antibody at optimal concentration.
Technology
An enhancement of immunoelectrophoresis in which a series of post-electrophoretic gel slabs are layered with cellulose-acetate gels saturated with specific antibodies. The resulting antigen-antibody complexes fixed on the second gel may then be stained, allowing sensitive and specific qualitative visual identification of paraproteins by electrophoretic position. It can be used to identify specific proteins in the blood or urine. It has greatest application in the identification and monitoring of monoclonal proteins that are produced in conditions like Waldenstom's macroglobulinaemia and multiple myeloma.
Technology
Immunohistochemical staining techniques allow for the visualization of antigens via the sequential application of a specific antibody to the antigen (primary antibody), a secondary antibody to the primary antibody and an enzyme complex with a chromogenic substrate. The enzymatic activation of the chromogen results in a visible reaction product at the antigen site. The specimen may then be counterstained and coverslipped. Results are interpreted using a light microscope and aid in the differential diagnosis of pathophysiological processes, which may or may not be associated with a particular antigen.
Technology
An immunological procedure in which antibodies are coupled with a peroxidase molecule. Following localization via the antibody, the peroxidase is reacted with a corresponding substrate to produce a product which can be seen with a light microscope.
Technology
Antigen aggregation with antibody, in the right ratios, to cause precipitation.
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Technology
A cell-separation technique where magnetizable microspheres or beads are first coated with monoclonal antibody, allowed to search and bind to target cells, and are then selectively removed when passed through a magnetic field. Among other applications, the technique is commonly used to remove tumor cells from the marrow of patients who are to undergo autologous bone marrow transplantation.
