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Indicators
A tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative. It is also used as an acidulant to control pH and acts as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium in blood.
Article
Research record from Front Med (Lausanne), 2026-09-01. PMID 42745797.
Tests
The determination of the angle of incline (tangent at 20mm and the midline) during the rising phase of the thromboelastogram curve, during the clot formation process.
Indicators
Coagulation factor IX (461 aa, ~52 kDa) is encoded by the human F9 gene. This protein plays a role in the intrinsic pathway of blood coagulation through the mediation of proteolysis that converts factor X into an active protease.
Tests
Coagulation factors are proteins in your blood. They help form blood clots to stop bleeding when you have an injury. These proteins are also called clotting factors. You have several different types of clotting factors that are all important for making blood clots.
Indicators
Coagulation factor V (2224 aa, ~252 kDa) is encoded by the human F5 gene. This protein plays a role in the coagulation cascade.
Indicators
Coagulation factor VII (466 aa, ~52 kDa) is encoded by the human F7 gene. This protein is involved in both binding to tissue factor and the initiation of blood coagulation.
Indicators
Coagulation factor X (488 aa, ~55 kDa) is encoded by the human F10 gene. This protein is involved in proteolysis and blood coagulation.
Indicators
Coagulation factor XI (625 aa, ~70 kDa) is encoded by the human F11 gene. This protein is involved in the proteolytic activation of coagulation factor IX.
Indicators
Coagulation factor XII (615 aa, ~68 kDa) is encoded by the human F12 gene. This protein is involved in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis.
Article
Research record from Cureus, 2026-05-17. PMID 42317899.
Article
Research record from Clin Chem Lab Med, 2026-04-02. PMID 41921527.
