Glossary Term
Promoter
A DNA sequence at which RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription.
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Glossary Term
A DNA sequence at which RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription.
Article
Research record from Mol Oncol, 2026-05-05. PMID 42087419.
Glossary Term
A 50-150bp DNA sequence that increases the rate of transcription of coding sequences. It may be located at various distances and in either orientation upstream from, downstream from or within a structural gene. When bound by a specific transcription factor it increases the levels of expression of the gene, but is not sufficient alone to cause expression. Distinguished from a promoter, that is alone sufficient to cause expression of the gene when bound.
Glossary Term
A genetic process in which single-stranded RNA with base sequence complementary to a region of plus strand DNA is synthesized by DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Following the binding of RNA polymerase on DNA promoter regions, the RNA product is synthesized in a 5' to 3' direction, elongating RNA along the DNA strand as the polymerase proceeds, accompanied by unwinding and rewinding of the DNA template.
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This gene is involved in apoptotic regulation. Overexpression of this gene promotes the pathogenesis of B-Cell lymphomas, due to anti-apoptotic activity.
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This anti-apoptotic gene regulates apoptotic activity. BIRC3 gene promotes tumor cell survival.
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A protein complex composed of 18 complement component 1q (C1q) subcomponent chains: six C1qA, six C1qB and six C1qC. The C1q complex is part of the complement component C1 complex (C1 complex) and undergoes confirmational rearrangement following binding of pentraxins or antigen-antibody complexes that include either immunoglobulin M (IgM) or several IgG molecules. These confirmational changes activate the C1r chains of the C1 complex, which, in turn, cleaves C1s chains of the C1 complex. Following C1s cleavage, the C1 complex can proteolytically activate C2 and C4 and promotes formation of C3-convertase, which cleaves C3 and activates the classical complement pathway.
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The most potent form of the naturally occurring steroid sex hormone in humans, produced by ovary, placenta, testis, and in small amount by adrenal cortex. Estradiol binds to a specific intracellular estrogen receptor located in female organs, breasts, hypothalamus and pituitary. The receptor-ligand complex promotes gene expression necessary for the maintenance of fertility and secondary sexual characteristics in females. In addition, estradiol exhibits mild anabolic and metabolic properties, and increases blood coagulability. Estradiol, the principal intracellular human estrogen, is substantially more active at the cellular level than its metabolites, estrone and estriol.
Tests
This test measures the amount of IGF-1 (insulin-like growth factor 1) in your blood. IGF-1 is a hormone , a chemical messenger in your bloodstream that controls the actions of certain cells or organs. IGF-1 manages the effects of growth hormone (GH) in your body. Together, IGF-1 and GH promote normal growth of bones and tissues.
Glossary Term
The mismatch repair (MMR) system promotes genomic fidelity by repairing base-base mismatches, insertion-deletion loops and heterologies generated during DNA replication and recombination. This function is critically dependent on the assembly of multimeric complexes involved in mismatch recognition and signal transduction to downstream repair events.
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Produced in the corpus luteum and by the placenta, as an antagonist of estrogens. Promotes proliferation of uterine mucosa and the implantation of the blastocyst, prevents further follicular development.
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A cyclic, nonessential amino acid (actually, an imino acid) in humans (synthesized from glutamic acid and other amino acids), Proline is a constituent of many proteins. Found in high concentrations in collagen, proline constitutes almost a third of the residues. Collagen is the main supportive protein of skin, tendons, bones, and connective tissue and promotes their health and healing. (NCI04)