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A measurement of the length of time that it takes for clotting to occur when activating reagents are added to a plasma specimen. The test is partial due to the absence of tissue factor (Factor III) from the reaction mixture.
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Beta-2-glycoprotein 1 (345 aa, ~38 kDa) is encoded by the human APOH gene. This protein is involved in binding to phospholipids, glycosaminoglycans and other negatively charged substances.
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Coagulation factor V (2224 aa, ~252 kDa) is encoded by the human F5 gene. This protein plays a role in the coagulation cascade.
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A protein complex composed of 18 complement component 1q (C1q) subcomponent chains: six C1qA, six C1qB and six C1qC. The C1q complex is part of the complement component C1 complex (C1 complex) and undergoes confirmational rearrangement following binding of pentraxins or antigen-antibody complexes that include either immunoglobulin M (IgM) or several IgG molecules. These confirmational changes activate the C1r chains of the C1 complex, which, in turn, cleaves C1s chains of the C1 complex. Following C1s cleavage, the C1 complex can proteolytically activate C2 and C4 and promotes formation of C3-convertase, which cleaves C3 and activates the classical complement pathway.
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A family of lipo-soluble steroids important to the absorption, metabolism, and function of calcium and phosphorus and the growth and development of bone and tooth enamel. Found naturally in animal tissues, cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is formed in the skin when ultraviolet light activates cholesterol conversion into vitamin D3. Ultraviolet irradiation of ergosterol (plant vitamin D) forms ergocalciferol (vitamin D2). (NCI04)
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The most potent androgen, required for sex development. Dihydrotestosterone is synthesized from testosterone in the prostate gland, testes, hair follicles and adrenal glands by 5-alpha reductase. Dihydrotestosterone exerts its action similar to testosterone, which binds to and activates specific nuclear androgen receptors. After translocation into the nucleus, the activated hormone-receptor complex binds to the androgen response elements on the DNA and activates gene expressions that are required for sex development. Dihydrotestosterone is responsible for the formation of male primary sex characteristics and most male secondary sex characteristics during puberty, such as muscular growth, facial and body hair growth, and deepening of the voice.
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This gene is involved in ligand-activated transcriptional activity.
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Growth/differentiation factor 15 (308 aa, ~34 kDa) is encoded by the human GDF15 gene. This protein plays a role in both tissue differentiation and signal transduction.
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A physiological progestin that is produced during glucocorticoid and steroid hormone synthesis and is increased during the third trimester of pregnancy. Hydroxyprogesterone binds to the cytoplasmic progesterone receptors in the reproductive system and subsequently activates progesterone receptor mediated gene expression.
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Immunoglobulin Light Chain Kappa is one of two Ig light chain types. Each Ig molecule is typically composed of two heavy chains and two light chains. Ig kappa light chains contain a variable and a constant region. Kappa light chains are encoded by multiple V, J, and C gene segments, which are separated in the genomes of cells undifferentiated with regard to antibody gene expression. Diversity in the kappa light chain V region arises during differentiation of an activated (kappa-type) antibody-producing B-cell from variable recombination of kappa V genes with kappa J genes and somatic point mutation, which plays a major role in antibody diversity. (from OMIM and NCI)
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Immunoglobulin Light Chain Lambda is one of two Ig light chain types. Each Ig molecule is typically composed of two heavy chains and two light chains but Ig lambda light chains contain a variable and a constant region. Lambda light chains are encoded by multiple V, J, and C gene segments, which are separated in the genomes of cells undifferentiated with regard to antibody gene expression. During differentiation of an activated (lambda-type) antibody-producing B-cell, diversity in the lambda light chain V region arises from variable recombination of lambda V genes with lambda J genes and somatic point mutation, which plays a major role in antibody diversity. (from OMIM 147220 and NCI)
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Exhibiting a broad range of biological activities on T and natural killer cells, Interleukin-12 is a disulfide-bonded heterodimeric cytokine composed of a 35-kD IL12A subunit (IL-6 Superfamily) and a 40-kDa IL12B subunit (Type I Cytokine Receptor 3 Family). IL12 stimulates T-cell-independent production of IFN-gamma by PBMCs, enhances NK cell lytic activity, acts as a growth factor for T- and NK-cells, and is important for Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation. Lymphocyte responses to IL12 require NOS2A and are mediated by STAT4 activator of transcription. (NCI)
