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Glossary Term
A family of discrete probability density functions, which models systems that meet the following requirements: 1) the number of trials (n) is fixed; 2) there are only two outcomes for each trial, success or failure; 3) the outcome of each trial is independent; and 4) all trials have the same probability (p) of success. Binomial distributions show the likelihood of the number of successful trials versus the total number of trials.
Glossary Term
The genetic material of the nucleus, consisting of deoxyribonucleoprotein, which occurs in two forms during the phase between mitotic divisions: 1) as heterochromatin, seen as condensed, readily stainable clumps; 2) as euchromatin, dispersed lightly staining or nonstaining material. During mitotic division the chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
Glossary Term
Validation evidence that an assay detects the range of variants, genotypes, or serotypes it claims to cover. For evolving targets such as influenza or SARS-CoV-2, inclusivity statements carry a validation date and should be checked against circulating variant lists at procurement time.
Glossary Term
A sequence of single-stranded RNA, that is 20-25 nucleotides in length, which is transcribed from DNA but is not translated into a protein. This nucleic acid may regulate the transcription or translation of other genes.
Glossary Term
Nucleotide Excision Repair (NER) mends DNA regions that contain chemical adducts, such as UV-induced thymine dimers or carcinogenic adducts, which distort the DNA helix and interfere with replication and transcription. NER is targeted to actively transcribed regions of the genome. During NER in eukaryotes, shape irregularities are detected by protein complexes that slide along the DNA molecule and induce cuts on each side of a lesion several nucleotides away. Removal of the damaged 25-30 nucleotide fragment is followed by repair synthesis and ligation.
Glossary Term
A two-step setup in which RNA is first copied into complementary DNA by a reverse transcriptase and then amplified by PCR. Used for RNA viruses such as influenza, RSV, SARS-CoV-2, and HCV. In procurement documents, confirm whether "RT-PCR" refers to real-time (quantitative) or endpoint (qualitative) reading.
Glossary Term
A 20 to 25-nucleotide double-stranded RNA which is involved in a sequence-specific messenger RNA degradation process known as RNA interference.
