Glossary Term
Microsatellite Repeat
A variety of simple di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentanucleotide tandem repeats that are dispersed in the euchromatic arms of most chromosomes.
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Glossary Term
A variety of simple di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentanucleotide tandem repeats that are dispersed in the euchromatic arms of most chromosomes.
Glossary Term
The mismatch repair (MMR) system promotes genomic fidelity by repairing base-base mismatches, insertion-deletion loops and heterologies generated during DNA replication and recombination. This function is critically dependent on the assembly of multimeric complexes involved in mismatch recognition and signal transduction to downstream repair events.
Glossary Term
A point mutation occurring within the protein-coding region of a gene, and which codes for a different amino acid than expected.
Glossary Term
Amplification of several targets in a single reaction using multiple primer pairs, each distinguishable by fluorescent channel or melting profile. Multiplexing raises information per sample but makes channel allocation, dye compatibility, and competition between targets key selection criteria.
Glossary Term
Any transmissible change in the genetic material of an organism, which can result from radiation, viral infection, transposition, treatment with mutagenic chemicals and errors during DNA replication or meiosis. The effects of mutation range from single base changes to loss or gain of complete chromosomes. As many of the simpler alterations to DNA may be repaired, such changes are only heritable once the change is fixed in the DNA by the process of replication. Mutations may be associated with genetic diversity or with pathologies including cancer.
Glossary Term
A control sample where a negative result is expected, to help correlate a positive result with the variable being tested.
Glossary Term
Polymerase chain reaction that uses two sets of primers, in two sequential runs of amplification, with the second set intended to amplify a target within the first run product.
Glossary Term
Technologies that facilitate the rapid determination of the nucleotide sequence of large numbers of strands or segments of DNA or RNA.
Glossary Term
A reaction that contains all reagents except sample nucleic acid. Amplification in the NTC signals contamination of reagents or the environment, so NTC behavior is one of the first run-validity checks in any qPCR run log.
Glossary Term
A point mutation occurring within the protein-coding region of a gene, and which codes for a stop that can truncate the protein.
Glossary Term
Any of various amplification and detection strategies applied to detection of virus contamination in donor blood. Specifically designed to detect recently infected individuals during the latency period before seroconversion.
Glossary Term
The sample-preparation stage that lyses cells or virions and purifies DNA/RNA before amplification. Extraction quality (yield, purity, inhibitors removed) often limits assay performance more than the PCR itself, and it defines required instruments and hands-on time in a workflow.