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Tests
An albumin blood test measures the amount of albumin in your blood. Albumin is a protein made by your liver. Low albumin levels can be a sign of liver or kidney disease or another medical condition. High levels may be a sign of dehydration .
Glossary Term
A volatile liquid prepared by fermentation of certain carbohydrates. Alcohol acts as a central nervous system (CNS) depressant, a diuretic, and a disinfectant. Although the exact mechanism of CNS depression is unknown, alcohol may act by inhibiting the opening of calcium channels, mediated by the binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) to GABA-A receptors, or through inhibitory actions at N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors. Alcohol inhibits the production of antidiuretic hormone, thereby producing diuresis that may lead to dehydration. This agent kills organisms by denaturing their proteins.
Glossary Term
Pertaining to a portion of the whole; any one of two or more samples of something, of the same volume or weight.
Article
Research record from PLoS One, 2026-04-06. PMID 41941523.
Glossary Term
Mutually exclusive alternative forms of the same gene occupying the same locus on homologous chromosomes, differing in nucleotide sequence and governing the same biochemical and developmental process.
Tests
Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) testing uses a sample of blood or a cheek swab to diagnose a condition called alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AAT deficiency). This condition is sometimes known as "alpha-." or AATD. If you have AAT deficiency, your body doesn't make enough AAT.
Indicators
Alpha-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (201 aa, ~24 kDa) is encoded by the human ORM1 gene. This protein may play a role in immunosuppression and small molecule transport.
Indicators
Alpha-2-macroglobulin (1474 aa, ~163 kDa) is encoded by the human A2M gene. This protein has activity as a protease inhibitor.
Indicators
Alpha-fetoprotein (609 aa, ~69 kDa) is encoded by the human AFP gene. This protein plays a role in the binding to copper, nickel, bilirubin and fatty acids in the fetal circulation.
Tests
An AFP test is a blood test that measures the level of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in your blood when you are pregnant. The test checks your baby's risk of having certain birth defects and genetic problems , but it does not diagnose any health conditions. The test is usually done between 15 and 20 weeks of pregnancy .
Tests
An ALT test measures the amount of ALT in your blood. This test is commonly used to help diagnose liver damage or disease .
Glossary Term
Alternate Splicing is a process in which multiple protein isoforms or products are generated from a single gene as a result of splicing together different nonconsecutive exons during the processing of initially identical nascent transcripts of a gene into mature mRNA transcripts. An exon may be connected to any one of several alternative exons to form the mRNA and generate related proteins, often in a tissue or developmental stage specific manner.
