Glossary Term
A DNA sequencing technique in which a mixture of deoxynucleosidetriphosphates (dNTPs) and chain-terminating dNTPs, which are radioactively or fluorescently labeled, are combined within the reaction mixture. Once the reaction is complete, the DNA strands are separated by size, and the labeled chain terminating dNTPs can be read in sequence by the investigator or by a machine.
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Article
Research record from J Anal Toxicol, 2026-06-01. PMID 42377259.
Glossary Term
A type of polymerase chain reaction technique in which the sample is fractionated, within which individual PCR reactions occur in each fraction.
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Glossary Term
Any liquid or solid material used to lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture of another ingredient.
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Glossary Term
To reduce in strength or concentration, especially by the addition of water.
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Glossary Term
Drug-, radiation-induced, or spontaneous injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal double-helical conformation. These changes include structural distortions that interfere with replication and transcription, as well as point mutations that disrupt base pairs and exert damaging effects on future generations through changes in DNA sequence. If the damage is minor, it can often be repaired (DNA repair); extensive damage can induce apoptosis.
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Glossary Term
Any method that extracts and purifies DNA from biological samples, which can include the proper handling of biological samples prior to nucleic acid isolation, the separation of DNA from the rest of the components in the samples, and the storage of the DNA isolates.
Extraction Methodology
Glossary Term
A family of enzymes that catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds to repair broken strands of DNA.
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Glossary Term
Enzymatic restoration of DNA structure after chemical, radiation, or spontaneous damage.
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Indicators
This gene is involved in epigenetic control of gene expression.
Tests
A blood test done near the end of the first trimester of pregnancy to screen for common chromosomal defects. This test screens for blood levels of both free beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (beta-hCG) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and can detect trisomies of chromosomes 21 (Down's syndrome), chromosome 18 (Edward's syndrome), and chromosome 13 (Patau's syndrome).
For professionals
Glossary Term
An RNA complex consisting of two complementary base-paired strands of RNA.
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