Indicators
A cardiac glycoside. Digoxin inhibits the sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) pump, thereby increasing intracellular calcium and enhancing cardiac contractility. This agent also acts directly on the atrioventricular node to suppress conduction, thereby slowing conduction velocity. Apparently due to its effects on intracellular calcium concentrations, digoxin induces apoptosis of tumor cells via a pathway involving mitochondrial cytochrome c and caspases 8 and 3. (NCI04)
Indicators
The most potent androgen, required for sex development. Dihydrotestosterone is synthesized from testosterone in the prostate gland, testes, hair follicles and adrenal glands by 5-alpha reductase. Dihydrotestosterone exerts its action similar to testosterone, which binds to and activates specific nuclear androgen receptors. After translocation into the nucleus, the activated hormone-receptor complex binds to the androgen response elements on the DNA and activates gene expressions that are required for sex development. Dihydrotestosterone is responsible for the formation of male primary sex characteristics and most male secondary sex characteristics during puberty, such as muscular growth, facial and body hair growth, and deepening of the voice.
Glossary Term
Any liquid or solid material used to lessen the strength or flavor of a solution or mixture of another ingredient.
Pcr Terms
Glossary Term
To reduce in strength or concentration, especially by the addition of water.
Pcr Terms
Tests
The bilirubin is bound to glucuronide to form conjugated bilirubin (direct bilirubin). Direct Bilirubin measurement is accomplished by a colorimetric method. Direct Bilirubin in biological fluids reacts with sulfanilic acid at acidic pH to produce a red colored complex. The optical density of produced color has a direct relationship with Direct Bilirubin concentration in the solution.
For professionals
Article
Research record from Mol Genet Genomics, 2026-03-17. PMID 41843205.
Glossary Term
A long linear double-stranded polymer formed from nucleotides attached to a deoxyribose backbone and found in the nucleus of a cell; associated with the transmission of genetic information.
Pcr Terms
Glossary Term
Drug-, radiation-induced, or spontaneous injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal double-helical conformation. These changes include structural distortions that interfere with replication and transcription, as well as point mutations that disrupt base pairs and exert damaging effects on future generations through changes in DNA sequence. If the damage is minor, it can often be repaired (DNA repair); extensive damage can induce apoptosis.
Pcr Terms
Tests
A determination of the amount of DNA demethylation pathway-related mRNA in a biological sample.
For professionals
Glossary Term
Any method that extracts and purifies DNA from biological samples, which can include the proper handling of biological samples prior to nucleic acid isolation, the separation of DNA from the rest of the components in the samples, and the storage of the DNA isolates.
Extraction Methodology
Glossary Term
A family of enzymes that catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds to repair broken strands of DNA.
Pcr Terms
Glossary Term
Enzymatic restoration of DNA structure after chemical, radiation, or spontaneous damage.
Pcr Terms
