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Technology
A cell-separation technique where magnetizable microspheres or beads are first coated with monoclonal antibody, allowed to search and bind to target cells, and are then selectively removed when passed through a magnetic field. Among other applications, the technique is commonly used to remove tumor cells from the marrow of patients who are to undergo autologous bone marrow transplantation.
Technology
A type of enzyme immunoassay that uses antigen-coated microparticles as a substrate for antibody binding.
Technology
A quantitative technique used to detect and estimate the concentration of an antigen by measuring the diameter of the ring of precipitation (precipitin ring), which is formed as a result of the interaction of the antigen and an antibody at optimal concentration.
Technology
Radioimmunoassay (RIA) is an immunological technique, which quantitatively determines antigen and antibody concentrations, using a radioactively labeled substance (radioligand), either directly or indirectly.
Technology
A laboratory procedure for the detection or identification of proteins or peptides that have been separated by gel electrophoresis and transferred onto nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane. The proteins are then detected by reaction with enzymatically labeled or radiolabeled antibody probes.
Glossary Term
Strength of binding, usually of a small molecule with multiple binding sites by a larger, particularly the binding of a complex antigen by an antibody.
Indicators
A protein complex composed of 18 complement component 1q (C1q) subcomponent chains: six C1qA, six C1qB and six C1qC. The C1q complex is part of the complement component C1 complex (C1 complex) and undergoes confirmational rearrangement following binding of pentraxins or antigen-antibody complexes that include either immunoglobulin M (IgM) or several IgG molecules. These confirmational changes activate the C1r chains of the C1 complex, which, in turn, cleaves C1s chains of the C1 complex. Following C1s cleavage, the C1 complex can proteolytically activate C2 and C4 and promotes formation of C3-convertase, which cleaves C3 and activates the classical complement pathway.
Indicators
Complement component-4 (1744 aa, ~193 kDa) is part of the complement cascade, which mediates the innate immune response to infection. The full length protein is a precursor that is secreted as a trimeric molecule containing an alpha, beta and gamma chain. When the complement cascade is initiated, the protein is cleaved. This proteolysis releases both the alpha chain, C4 anaphylatoxin, which stimulates inflammation, and a dimer of the beta and gamma chains, which mediates the interaction between the antigen-antibody complex and other complement components.
Glossary Term
Problem associated with the degree to which an antibody or antigen participates in cross reactions.
Tests
CSF stands for cerebrospinal fluid. IgG stands for immunoglobulin G. It is a type of antibody. Antibodies are proteins that your immune system makes to fight germs . A CSF IgG index measures the levels of IgG in your cerebrospinal fluid.
Glossary Term
The simplest form of an antigenic determinant, on a complex antigenic molecule, which can combine with antibody or T cell receptor.
Tests
The determination of the amount of the Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 IgG antibody present in a sample.
