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A non-essential amino acid. In hepatocytes, L-citrulline is synthesized in the urea cycle by the addition of carbon dioxide and ammonia to ornithine. L-citrulline is converted into L-arginine by the enzymes argininosuccinate synthetase and argininosuccinate lyase in the presence of L-aspartate and ATP. Subsequently, L-arginine is converted to nitric oxide by nitric oxide synthase and L-citrulline is regenerated as a by-product.
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Coagulation factor XII (615 aa, ~68 kDa) is encoded by the human F12 gene. This protein is involved in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis.
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Complement C2 (752 aa, ~83 kDa) is encoded by the human C2 gene. This protein is involved in post-translational protein processing and complement activity.
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Complement C3 (1663 aa, ~187 kDa) is encoded by the human C3 gene. This protein plays a role in complement-mediated immunity.
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Complement C5 (1676 aa, ~188 kDa) is encoded by the human C5 gene. This protein is involved in complement-mediated immunity.
Article
Research record from Vaccines (Basel), 2026-09-15. PMID 42797632.
Tests
The determination of the amount of connective tissue growth factor in a sample.
Article
Research record from Clin Microbiol Infect, 2026-03-27. PMID 41905558.
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Not considered one of the 20 amino acids, Cystine is a sulfur-containing derivative obtained from oxidation of cysteine amino acid thiol side chains. It functions as an antioxidant and protects tissues against radiation and pollution, slowing the aging process. It also aids protein synthesis. Cystine is abundant in many proteins of skeletal tissues and skin, and found in insulin and digestive enzymes chromotrypsinogen A, papain, and trypsinogen. (NCI04)
Tests
The determination of the amount of cytidine-uridine monophosphate kinase 2 present in a sample.
Article
Research record from Infect Dis Ther, 2026-04-04. PMID 41934527.
Tests
The determination of the amount of dengue virus 2 RNA present in a sample.
