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Glossary Term
Any method that extracts and purifies DNA from biological samples, which can include the proper handling of biological samples prior to nucleic acid isolation, the separation of DNA from the rest of the components in the samples, and the storage of the DNA isolates.
Glossary Term
Initiation of DNA base excision repair (BER) involves a DNA glycosylase that binds the altered deoxynucleoside in an extrahelical position and catalyzes cleavage of the base-sugar bond. Subsequently, an AP endonuclease or AP lyase activity incises the abasic site, followed by short-patch gap-filling, excision of the base-free sugar-phosphate residue, and ligation.
Glossary Term
The paired nucleotides in a DNA or RNA sequence.
Glossary Term
A storage facility of biospecimens that includes tissue samples, fluids, and molecular derivatives such as DNA, RNA, and proteins. The biorepository has stringent guidelines regarding the standardized collection, handling, storage, and documentation of biological specimens.
Glossary Term
Enzymatic (e.g. dUTP/UNG) and physical measures that stop amplified DNA from contaminating later runs. Labs with high daily volumes usually require dUTP/UNG chemistry in purchased assays; confirm this when comparing kits from different manufacturers.
Glossary Term
Single-stranded DNA that is complementary to messenger RNA or DNA that has been synthesized from messenger RNA by reverse transcriptase.
Glossary Term
A structure found in cells that is comprised of a strand of linearized double-stranded DNA plus proteins that package the DNA in a condensed coil form and regulate chromosomal function.
Glossary Term
Neoplasm-derived DNA fragments found in the bloodstream or other bodily fluids that have been released from cells.
Glossary Term
A specific sequence of three adjacent bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid.
Glossary Term
Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolytic cleavage of phosphodiester bond linkages in the DNA backbone. Deoxyribonucleases belong to a larger family of nucleases, which cleave DNA bases at various positions in the DNA backbone.
Glossary Term
A nucleotide comprised of either a purine or pyrimidine nitrogenous base bound to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with three phosphate groups. These molecules are essential for DNA synthesis.
Glossary Term
A DNA sequencing technique in which a mixture of deoxynucleosidetriphosphates (dNTPs) and chain-terminating dNTPs, which are radioactively or fluorescently labeled, are combined within the reaction mixture. Once the reaction is complete, the DNA strands are separated by size, and the labeled chain terminating dNTPs can be read in sequence by the investigator or by a machine.
