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Tests
Coagulation factors are proteins in your blood. They help form blood clots to stop bleeding when you have an injury. These proteins are also called clotting factors. You have several different types of clotting factors that are all important for making blood clots.
Tests
A complement blood test measures the levels and/or activity of a group of proteins that are part of the complement system. This system "complements" or enhances your body's defenses against infections and other diseases. Your immune system makes antibodies, which are proteins to fight disease-causing substances like viruses and bacteria. The proteins in the complement system will also help fight the infection or disease. These proteins work together in a sequence, with one protein activating the next.
Tests
CSF stands for cerebrospinal fluid. IgG stands for immunoglobulin G. It is a type of antibody. Antibodies are proteins that your immune system makes to fight germs . A CSF IgG index measures the levels of IgG in your cerebrospinal fluid.
Indicators
Cystatin-B (98 aa, ~11 kDa) is encoded by the human CSTB gene. This protein is involved in the regulation of cathepsins.
Indicators
Cystatin-C (146 aa, ~16 kDa) is encoded by the human CST3 gene. This protein is involved in the inhibition of cysteine proteinases.
Indicators
Not considered one of the 20 amino acids, Cystine is a sulfur-containing derivative obtained from oxidation of cysteine amino acid thiol side chains. It functions as an antioxidant and protects tissues against radiation and pollution, slowing the aging process. It also aids protein synthesis. Cystine is abundant in many proteins of skeletal tissues and skin, and found in insulin and digestive enzymes chromotrypsinogen A, papain, and trypsinogen. (NCI04)
Tests
A free light chains test measures the level of free light chains in your blood. Light chains are proteins made by plasma cells, a type of white blood cell. Light chains usually link up with other proteins called heavy chains. Together, the light and heavy chains make immunoglobulins, also called antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that your immune system makes to fight germs such as viruses and bacteria .
Tests
A gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) test measures the amount of GGT in your blood GGT is an enzyme. Enzymes are proteins that speed up certain chemical reactions in your body. Thousands of enzymes play an important role in all of your body functions. The GGT enzyme is found throughout your body, but it is mainly found in your liver.
Tests
Globulins are a group of proteins in your blood. Some globulins are made by your liver. Others are made by your immune system . Globulins play an important role in liver and kidney function, blood clotting, and fighting infection. There are different types of globulins called alpha, beta, and gamma globulins. Tests to measure globulins include:
Indicators
The smallest and densest lipoproteins, containing a high proportion of protein. They are synthesized in the liver as empty proteins and they pick up cholesterol and increase in size as they circulate through the bloodstream. Because HDL can remove cholesterol from the arteries, and transport it back to the liver for excretion, they are seen as "good" lipoproteins.
Glossary Term
Major protein component of chromatin. Highly conserved basic proteins, originally classified into classes based on the relative amounts of arginine and lysine in each protein. The various classes are now termed H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. In chromatin, they are found in an octamer, containing two each of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, complexed with DNA in nucleosomes. The histones in the octamer complex are also known as the core histones. The H1 class of histones, termed the linker histones, is loosely associated with the nucleosome.
Tests
A homocysteine test measures the amount of homocysteine in a sample of your blood. Homocysteine is an amino acid. Amino acids are molecules that your body uses to make proteins.
