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Technology
A light microscopic technique in which the light that does not come into contact with the structures or details of interest is subtracted from the ocular image. This yields an image in which the structures or details are alight while the areas where the structures or details are absent are dark.
Technology
A chromatographic technique in which the stationary phase is solid while the mobile phase is gaseous samples. The gaseous samples are separated based on their different adsorption ability to the solid phase.
Technology
This is a method (named after the Danish bacteriologist, Hans Christian Gram) for staining and identifying bacteria. It is based on the differential retention of a crystal violet-iodine complex within the cell membrane. Gram-positive organisms will appear blue-black or purple while Gram-negative organisms will appear red.
Technology
A common molecular biology procedure for detection of RNA molecules. RNA extracted from a sample was denatured and separated by slab gel electrophoresis, then blotted on to a nitrocellulose or nylon sheet and hybridized with labeled DNA or RNA that is complementary to the desired RNA, whose presence is subsequently indicated by autoradiography or other visualization techniques.
Technology
A rapid, simple, visual and sensitive technique for measuring DNA breakage in individual mammalian cells in response to a test agent. A cell is immobilized in agarose and made permeable and the broken DNA migrates out under the influence of the electric field. A damaged cell has the appearance of a comet with a brightly fluorescent cell body and a tail whose length and fluorescence intensity are related to the number of DNA-strand breaks induced by the test agent.
Technology
Mass spectrometers coupled in series. The targeted compound is selectively ionized, and its characteristic ions are separated from others in the mixture in the first mass spectrometer. The selected primary ions are then decomposed by collision, and from the resulting products the final mass analyzer selects secondary ions characteristic of the targeted compound. Tandem mass spectrometry can achieve specificities and sensitivities equivalent of those of methods such as radioimmunoassay and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, while performing analyses in much shorter times.
Technology
A procedure that can determine the DNA sequence for all of the exons in an individual.
Technology
Any technique designed to amplify a limited genomic DNA sample so as to generate a new sample that is indistinguishable from the original but with a higher DNA concentration.
Technology
A procedure that can determine the DNA sequence for nearly the entire genome of an individual.
Technology
A procedure that can determine the nucleotide sequence for all of the RNA transcripts in an individual.
