Indicators
A protein complex comprised of one T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 delta chain (CD3D), one T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 gamma chain (CD3G) and two T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chains (CD3E). CD3D, CD3G and CD3E are transmembrane proteins with one extracellular immunoglobulin domain and one intracellular ITAM domain. The CD3 complex is a T-cell co-receptor that noncovalently associates with either the disulfide bound heterodimeric alpha/beta T-cell receptor (TCR) or gamma/delta TCR and two copies of the accessory protein, T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 zeta chain (CD247), which is a transmembrane protein with three ITAM domains. The TCR moiety of the TCR-CD3 complex binds to MHC and processed antigens on antigen presenting cells, which triggers phosphorylation of and cellular propagation of the signal by CD247 and the CD3 complex.
Indicators
A heterotrimeric protein complex composed of complement component 8 (C8) chains alpha, beta and gamma. The alpha and gamma chains form a disulfide-linked dimer that is noncovalently associated with the beta chain. C8 inserts itself into target cell membranes following formation of the C5b-6-7 complex and then recruits 10-16 molecules of C9 to complete the formation of the membrane attack complex.
Indicators
Complement component-4 (1744 aa, ~193 kDa) is part of the complement cascade, which mediates the innate immune response to infection. The full length protein is a precursor that is secreted as a trimeric molecule containing an alpha, beta and gamma chain. When the complement cascade is initiated, the protein is cleaved. This proteolysis releases both the alpha chain, C4 anaphylatoxin, which stimulates inflammation, and a dimer of the beta and gamma chains, which mediates the interaction between the antigen-antibody complex and other complement components.
Indicators
Cystatin-C (146 aa, ~16 kDa) is encoded by the human CST3 gene. This protein is involved in the inhibition of cysteine proteinases.
Indicators
Gamma-enolase (434 aa, ~47 kDa) is encoded by the human ENO2 gene. This protein is involved in glycolysis, neurotrophy and neuroprotection.
Indicators
GGT participates in the transfer of amino acids across the cellular membrane and in glutathione metabolism. High concentrations are found in the liver, bile ducts, and the kidney. A test that measures the amount of GGT in the blood is used to detect diseases of the liver, bile ducts, and kidney; and to differentiate liver or bile duct (hepatobiliary) disorders from bone disease.
Indicators
A non-essential alpha-amino acid and excitatory neurotransmitter. Glutamic acid can serve as a precursor for the synthesis of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
Indicators
A tetrameric complex of 2 molecules of hemoglobin subunit alpha (encoded by either the HBA1 or HBA2 gene) and 2 molecules of hemoglobin subunit gamma (encoded by either the HBG1 or HBG2 gene).
Indicators
Interferon gamma (166 aa, ~19 kDa) is encoded by the human IFNG gene. This protein is involved in antiviral activity, macrophage activation, antiproliferative activity and immunopotentiation.
Indicators
Exhibiting a broad range of biological activities on T and natural killer cells, Interleukin-12 is a disulfide-bonded heterodimeric cytokine composed of a 35-kD IL12A subunit (IL-6 Superfamily) and a 40-kDa IL12B subunit (Type I Cytokine Receptor 3 Family). IL12 stimulates T-cell-independent production of IFN-gamma by PBMCs, enhances NK cell lytic activity, acts as a growth factor for T- and NK-cells, and is important for Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation. Lymphocyte responses to IL12 require NOS2A and are mediated by STAT4 activator of transcription. (NCI)
Indicators
Interleukin-18 (193 aa, ~22 kDa) is encoded by the human IL18 gene. This protein is involved in the regulation of both natural killer cell activity and the production of interferon gamma.
Indicators
Osteocalcin (100 aa, ~11 kDa) is encoded by the human BGLAP gene. This protein is involved in bone development.
