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Tests
A gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) test measures the amount of GGT in your blood GGT is an enzyme. Enzymes are proteins that speed up certain chemical reactions in your body. Thousands of enzymes play an important role in all of your body functions. The GGT enzyme is found throughout your body, but it is mainly found in your liver.
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Glossary Term
A volatile liquid prepared by fermentation of certain carbohydrates. Alcohol acts as a central nervous system (CNS) depressant, a diuretic, and a disinfectant. Although the exact mechanism of CNS depression is unknown, alcohol may act by inhibiting the opening of calcium channels, mediated by the binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) to GABA-A receptors, or through inhibitory actions at N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors. Alcohol inhibits the production of antidiuretic hormone, thereby producing diuresis that may lead to dehydration. This agent kills organisms by denaturing their proteins.
Indicators
A protein complex comprised of one T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 delta chain (CD3D), one T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 gamma chain (CD3G) and two T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 epsilon chains (CD3E). CD3D, CD3G and CD3E are transmembrane proteins with one extracellular immunoglobulin domain and one intracellular ITAM domain. The CD3 complex is a T-cell co-receptor that noncovalently associates with either the disulfide bound heterodimeric alpha/beta T-cell receptor (TCR) or gamma/delta TCR and two copies of the accessory protein, T-cell surface glycoprotein CD3 zeta chain (CD247), which is a transmembrane protein with three ITAM domains. The TCR moiety of the TCR-CD3 complex binds to MHC and processed antigens on antigen presenting cells, which triggers phosphorylation of and cellular propagation of the signal by CD247 and the CD3 complex.
Tests
The determination of cellular CD32b expression in a biological specimen.
Tests
The determination of cellular CD64 expression in a biological specimen.
Indicators
A heterotrimeric protein complex composed of complement component 8 (C8) chains alpha, beta and gamma. The alpha and gamma chains form a disulfide-linked dimer that is noncovalently associated with the beta chain. C8 inserts itself into target cell membranes following formation of the C5b-6-7 complex and then recruits 10-16 molecules of C9 to complete the formation of the membrane attack complex.
Indicators
Complement component-4 (1744 aa, ~193 kDa) is part of the complement cascade, which mediates the innate immune response to infection. The full length protein is a precursor that is secreted as a trimeric molecule containing an alpha, beta and gamma chain. When the complement cascade is initiated, the protein is cleaved. This proteolysis releases both the alpha chain, C4 anaphylatoxin, which stimulates inflammation, and a dimer of the beta and gamma chains, which mediates the interaction between the antigen-antibody complex and other complement components.
Indicators
Cystatin-C (146 aa, ~16 kDa) is encoded by the human CST3 gene. This protein is involved in the inhibition of cysteine proteinases.
Tests
The determination of the number of cytotoxic gamma-delta T-lymphocytes in a sample.
Tests
The determination of the amount of gamma globulin present in a sample.
