Indicators
Adiponectin
Adiponectin (244 aa, ~26 kDa) is encoded by the human ADIPOQ gene. This protein is involved in the modulation of both glucose metabolism and lipid homeostasis.
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Indicators
Adiponectin (244 aa, ~26 kDa) is encoded by the human ADIPOQ gene. This protein is involved in the modulation of both glucose metabolism and lipid homeostasis.
Indicators
Complement C2 (752 aa, ~83 kDa) is encoded by the human C2 gene. This protein is involved in post-translational protein processing and complement activity.
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Complement C3 (1663 aa, ~187 kDa) is encoded by the human C3 gene. This protein plays a role in complement-mediated immunity.
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Complement C5 (1676 aa, ~188 kDa) is encoded by the human C5 gene. This protein is involved in complement-mediated immunity.
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A protein complex composed of 18 complement component 1q (C1q) subcomponent chains: six C1qA, six C1qB and six C1qC. The C1q complex is part of the complement component C1 complex (C1 complex) and undergoes confirmational rearrangement following binding of pentraxins or antigen-antibody complexes that include either immunoglobulin M (IgM) or several IgG molecules. These confirmational changes activate the C1r chains of the C1 complex, which, in turn, cleaves C1s chains of the C1 complex. Following C1s cleavage, the C1 complex can proteolytically activate C2 and C4 and promotes formation of C3-convertase, which cleaves C3 and activates the classical complement pathway.
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Complement component C6 (934 aa, ~105 kDa) is encoded by the human C6 gene. This protein is involved in complement-mediated host defense responses.
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Complement component C7 (843 aa, ~94 kDa) is encoded by the human C7 gene. This protein is involved in insertion of the membrane attack complex in lipid bilayers.
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A heterotrimeric protein complex composed of complement component 8 (C8) chains alpha, beta and gamma. The alpha and gamma chains form a disulfide-linked dimer that is noncovalently associated with the beta chain. C8 inserts itself into target cell membranes following formation of the C5b-6-7 complex and then recruits 10-16 molecules of C9 to complete the formation of the membrane attack complex.
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Complement component C9 (559 aa, ~63 kDa) is encoded by the human C9 gene. This protein plays a role in complement-mediated bacterial cell lysis.
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Complement component-4 (1744 aa, ~193 kDa) is part of the complement cascade, which mediates the innate immune response to infection. The full length protein is a precursor that is secreted as a trimeric molecule containing an alpha, beta and gamma chain. When the complement cascade is initiated, the protein is cleaved. This proteolysis releases both the alpha chain, C4 anaphylatoxin, which stimulates inflammation, and a dimer of the beta and gamma chains, which mediates the interaction between the antigen-antibody complex and other complement components.
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IgA is the immunoglobulin subclass that is associated with antibody-mediated mucosal immunity. It is secreted as dimers into the mucosa and is the most effective isotype at fixing complement by the alternative pathway, even though it lacks the ability to fix complement by the classical pathway. There are two subtypes in the human - IgA1 and IgA2.
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The most abundant immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass in the circulation of healthy individuals. The IgG1 core hinge sequence contains 15 amino acids and two interchain disulfide bonds. This subtype has high affinity for binding both Fc receptors and complement component C1q. IgG1 is the predominant antibody subclass that responds to antigens derived from both soluble and membrane proteins. Reduced levels of circulating IgG1 can indicate the presence of a variety of primary and secondary antibody deficiencies, which can result in hypogammaglobulinemia.