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Glossary Term
The complete genomic content of an organism, and possibly the full DNA sequence of that organism. It is contained in a set of chromosomes in eukaryotes, a single chromosome in bacteria, or a DNA or RNA molecule in viruses.
Glossary Term
The determination of the DNA sequence of an individual.
Glossary Term
The n-th root of the multiple products of n values, as contrasted with the normally understood arithmetic mean.
Glossary Term
Any mutation that appears in the gametes and which will therefore be transmitted to the progeny with some frequency.
Glossary Term
The covalent chemical or biochemical addition of carbohydrate or glycosyl groups to other chemicals, by glycosyl transferases.
Glossary Term
A way of denoting the collective genotype of a number of closely linked loci on a chromosome.
Glossary Term
Disruption of the integrity of the erythrocyte membrane causing release of hemoglobin.
Glossary Term
Having two different allelic forms of a gene, one inherited from each parent, on each of the two homologous chromosomes.
Glossary Term
Major protein component of chromatin. Highly conserved basic proteins, originally classified into classes based on the relative amounts of arginine and lysine in each protein. The various classes are now termed H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4. In chromatin, they are found in an octamer, containing two each of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, complexed with DNA in nucleosomes. The histones in the octamer complex are also known as the core histones. The H1 class of histones, termed the linker histones, is loosely associated with the nucleosome.
Glossary Term
The process of exchange of genetic material between autonomous replicons, which depends on regions of extensive sequence homology between the participating DNA strands. This process involves double-strand breakage of one participant, resection of the break, and strand invasion, followed by formation, displacement and resolution of the Holliday junction. This process is involved in repairing broken DNA and creating combinations of genes that may be unique from the parent duplexes. Disruptions in this process can result in inviability, premature aging and predisposition to cancers and degenerative diseases.
Glossary Term
Having two identical allelic forms of a gene, one inherited from each parent, on each of the two homologous chromosomes.
Glossary Term
The X or Y chromosome in human beings that determines the sex of an individual. Females have two X chromosomes in diploid cells; males have an X and a Y chromosome. The sex chromosomes comprise the 23rd chromosome pair in a human karyotype.
