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Indicators
An antinuclear antibody directed against a 47 kDa RNA-binding protein in the nucleus. They can be associated with Sjogren syndrome and system lupus erythematosus. Maternal anti-La antibody positivity can be associated with neonatal lupus.
Indicators
An antinuclear antibody directed against U1 snRNP, that is strongly associated with mixed connective tissue disease and commonly detected in lupus.
Indicators
An antinuclear antibody directed against 52 or 60 kDa RNA-binding proteins in the nucleus. They can be associated with multiple autoimmune disorders, primarily Sjogren syndrome and system lupus erythematosus. Maternal anti-Ro antibody positivity can be associated with neonatal lupus.
Tests
The determination of the amount of anti-Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody present in a sample.
Indicators
An antinuclear antibody directed against small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), that is highly specific, but has poor sensitivity for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Presence of anti-Sm antibodies are associated with central nervous system, kidney, lung and cardiac involvement in SLE, but are not indicative of disease activity.
Glossary Term
A type of protein made by B lymphocytes in response to a foreign substance (antigen). Each antibody only binds to a specific antigen, helping to destroy the antigen directly or by assisting white blood cells to destroy the antigen.
Tests
The determination of the ratio of a sub-population of antibody-secreting B-lymphocytes to antibody-secreting B-lymphocytes present in a sample. The measurement may be expressed as a ratio or percentage.
Indicators
An autoantibody that reacts with cardiolipin. Different immunoglobulin subclasses and isotypes are associated with different diseases and conditions. Some anticardiolipin antibodies prolong phospholipid dependent clotting while others are associated with spontaneous abortion.
Glossary Term
Any substance, generally a protein, that stimulates the immune system and elicits an immune response. Recognition by the immune system elicits either a T-lymphocyte response, recognizing processed antigens, or a B-lymphocyte response, producing antibodies that bind to unprocessed antigens.
Tests
The determination of the ratio of apolipoprotein A1 compared to apolipoprotein B present in a sample. The measurement may be expressed as a ratio or percentage.
Tests
The determination of the amount of apolipoprotein AII present in a sample.
Indicators
This gene plays a role in the transcriptional activation of androgen responsive genes.
