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Technology
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) is a method used to separate proteins or high molecular weight linear DNA fragments that are greater than 50 kilobases (kb) in size. Fragments are separated by pulsing an electrical field across an agarose gel rather than applying the constant field used in conventional electrophoresis.
Technology
Emission of electromagnetic energy with a shorter frequency (longer wavelength) than that of the incident monochromatic light. Arises from the low probability absorption of quanta with a higher energy than that required for a transition: the difference in energy is emitted as a lower frequency (energy) photon. Allows analysis of vibrational and rotational energy levels using visible incident light.
Technology
A procedure for amplification of nucleic acid sequences from a messenger RNA template between a defined internal site and unknown sequences at either the 3'- or 5'-end of the mRNA.
Technology
An application of PCR that measures the products generated during each cycle of the polymerase chain reaction process in order to determine the starting amount of template in the reaction.
Technology
A method to measure the refractive index (propensity for light to bend) of a sample.
Technology
A laboratory procedure in which an RNA strand is first transcribed into a DNA complement and then subjected to PCR amplification. Transcribing an RNA strand into a DNA complement is termed reverse transcription and is done by the enzyme reverse transcriptase.
Technology
The process of arranging protein, DNA or RNA sequences to identify regions with similar sequences that may elucidate functional, structural, or evolutionary relationships between the sequences.
Technology
A procedure that can determine the nucleotide sequence for all of the RNA transcripts in an amplified nucleotide sample that was derived from a single cell.
Technology
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is a procedure for estimating molecular weights of polypeptides, and uses SDS, a detergent that dissociates and unfolds oligomeric proteins into its subunits. The SDS binds to the polypeptides to form complexes with fairly constant charge to mass ratios. The electrophoretic migration rate through a gel is therefore determined only by the size of the complexes.
Technology
A laboratory test that produces a quantitative measurement of the reflection or transmission properties of a material as a function of wavelength.
Technology
A procedure used to demonstrate nucleotide sequence variations that occur in the same region of DNA between individuals within a species, or between alleles in an individual to detect mutations in various genes, such as oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, or genes responsible for genetic diseases. The method detects different conformations adopted by partially denatured DNA fragments resulting from their specific nucleotide sequences under denaturing conditions. Denatured single-stranded DNA fragments are allowed to partially renature without formation of double-stranded DNA. The particular conformations adopted by each of the renatured fragments depend on each of their specific nucleotide sequences. The fragments are run on polyacrylamide gels to detect subtle changes in migration due to their particular secondary structures. Resulting fragment band in the gel will misalign if any point mutations are present to alter the conformation.
Technology
A laboratory procedure in which proteins are first separated across a gel, usually polyacrylamide, according to their isoelectric point, and then separated in a perpendicular direction on the basis of their molecular weight.
