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Indicators

Methemoglobin

A product of hemoglobin produced by oxidation of the iron atom from the ferrous to the ferric state.

Indicators

An antimetabolite and antifolate agent with antineoplastic and immunosuppressant activities. Methotrexate binds to and inhibits the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, resulting in inhibition of purine nucleotide and thymidylate synthesis and, subsequently, inhibition of DNA and RNA syntheses. Methotrexate also exhibits potent immunosuppressant activity although the mechanism(s) of actions is unclear.

Glossary Term

Methylation

The covalent chemical or biochemical addition of a methyl group(s) to a compound. (NCI)

Pcr Terms

Glossary Term

MicroRNA

A sequence of single-stranded RNA, that is 20-25 nucleotides in length, which is transcribed from DNA but is not translated into a protein. This nucleic acid may regulate the transcription or translation of other genes.

Pcr Terms

Glossary Term

Microsatellite Instability

Genomic instability associated with the presence of hypermutability in specific genetic marker regions resulting from defective DNA mismatch repair.

Pcr Terms

Glossary Term

Microsatellite Repeat

A variety of simple di-, tri-, tetra-, and pentanucleotide tandem repeats that are dispersed in the euchromatic arms of most chromosomes.

Pcr Terms

Glossary Term

Mismatch Repair

The mismatch repair (MMR) system promotes genomic fidelity by repairing base-base mismatches, insertion-deletion loops and heterologies generated during DNA replication and recombination. This function is critically dependent on the assembly of multimeric complexes involved in mismatch recognition and signal transduction to downstream repair events.

Pcr Terms

Glossary Term