Technology
A procedure used to demonstrate nucleotide sequence variations that occur in the same region of DNA between individuals within a species, or between alleles in an individual to detect mutations in various genes, such as oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, or genes responsible for genetic diseases. The method detects different conformations adopted by partially denatured DNA fragments resulting from their specific nucleotide sequences under denaturing conditions. Denatured single-stranded DNA fragments are allowed to partially renature without formation of double-stranded DNA. The particular conformations adopted by each of the renatured fragments depend on each of their specific nucleotide sequences. The fragments are run on polyacrylamide gels to detect subtle changes in migration due to their particular secondary structures. Resulting fragment band in the gel will misalign if any point mutations are present to alter the conformation.
Diagnostic Methods
Article
Research record from Analyst, 2026-09-16. PMID 42504878.
Indicators
Adiponectin (244 aa, ~26 kDa) is encoded by the human ADIPOQ gene. This protein is involved in the modulation of both glucose metabolism and lipid homeostasis.
Tests
An allergy blood test measures the amount of allergy-causing antibodies called immunoglobulin E (IgE). Antibodies are proteins that your immune system makes to fight foreign substances, such as viruses and bacteria . But your immune system may also make them in response to allergens. These are harmless substances, such as pollen and peanuts, that may cause an allergic reaction in some people.
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Glossary Term
Alternate Splicing is a process in which multiple protein isoforms or products are generated from a single gene as a result of splicing together different nonconsecutive exons during the processing of initially identical nascent transcripts of a gene into mature mRNA transcripts. An exon may be connected to any one of several alternative exons to form the mRNA and generate related proteins, often in a tissue or developmental stage specific manner.
Pcr Terms
Indicators
A type of antinuclear antibody that specifically targets double stranded DNA; while these antibodies are sometimes detectable in multiple different autoimmune disorders, their presence is generally considered highly specific for systemic lupus erythematosus.
Indicators
An antinuclear antibody directed against small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs), that is highly specific, but has poor sensitivity for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Presence of anti-Sm antibodies are associated with central nervous system, kidney, lung and cardiac involvement in SLE, but are not indicative of disease activity.
Glossary Term
A type of protein made by B lymphocytes in response to a foreign substance (antigen). Each antibody only binds to a specific antigen, helping to destroy the antigen directly or by assisting white blood cells to destroy the antigen.
Pcr Terms
Tests
Antibody serology tests look for specific antibodies in your blood. Antibodies are proteins your immune system makes to fight disease-causing germs (also called pathogens), such as viruses and bacteria .
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Tests
A BCR-ABL1 genetic test uses a sample of blood or bone marrow to look for an abnormal gene called BCR-ABL1. This abnormal gene is found in certain types of blood cancer , such as chronic myeloid leukemia (CML).
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Indicators
An isoform of alkaline phosphatase found on the surface of osteoblasts. The level of this enzyme in a patient's serum is proportional to the amount of bone formation. This marker is used for monitoring the efficacy of both bone formation therapies and antiresorptive therapies.
Tests
The determination of the amount of bone specific alkaline phosphatase present in a sample.
For professionals
