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Tests
Erythrocytes are red blood cells. The sedimentation rate is the time it takes for your red blood cells to settle at the bottom of a test tube. An erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is a blood test that can show if you have inflammation in your body. Inflammation is your immune system's response to injury, infection, and many other conditions, including immune system disorders , certain cancers , and blood disorders .
Indicators
Erythropoietin (193 aa, ~21 kDa) is encoded by the human EPO gene. This protein plays a role in both erythropoiesis and the maintenance of red blood cell volume.
Article
Research record from Anal Bioanal Chem, 2026-04-14. PMID 41975085.
Tests
Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and GFR tests check how well your kidneys are working. Your kidneys are two organs on either side of your spine just below your rib cage. They have tiny filters called glomeruli. These filters remove waste and extra water from your blood and get rid of them through your urine (pee).
Indicators
The most potent form of the naturally occurring steroid sex hormone in humans, produced by ovary, placenta, testis, and in small amount by adrenal cortex. Estradiol binds to a specific intracellular estrogen receptor located in female organs, breasts, hypothalamus and pituitary. The receptor-ligand complex promotes gene expression necessary for the maintenance of fertility and secondary sexual characteristics in females. In addition, estradiol exhibits mild anabolic and metabolic properties, and increases blood coagulability. Estradiol, the principal intracellular human estrogen, is substantially more active at the cellular level than its metabolites, estrone and estriol.
Tests
An estrogen test measures the level of estrogens in a sample of your blood, urine (pee), or saliva (spit).
Indicators
This gene plays a regulatory role in transcription and in matrix metalloproteinase activity.
Article
Research record from J Clin Virol, 2026-04-27. PMID 42054824.
Article
Research record from Adv Lab Med, 2026-07-07. PMID 42713604.
Article
Research record from Immunology, 2026-09-07. PMID 42706662.
Glossary Term
The sequences of a gene that are present in the final, mature, spliced messenger RNA molecule from that gene.
Glossary Term
An Exonuclease is a hydrolase (nuclease) that specifically catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal phosphodiester bonds of deoxyribonucleotide or ribonucleotide chains, releasing mononucleotides.
