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The orally bioavailable alpha form of the naturally-occurring fat-soluble vitamin E, with potent antioxidant and cytoprotective activities. Upon administration, alpha-tocopherol neutralizes free radicals, thereby protecting tissues and organs from oxidative damage. Alpha-tocopherol gets incorporated into biological membranes, prevents protein oxidation and inhibits lipid peroxidation, thereby maintaining cell membrane integrity and protecting the cell against damage. In addition, alpha-tocopherol inhibits the activity of protein kinase C (PKC) and PKC-mediated pathways. Alpha-tocopherol also modulates the expression of various genes, plays a key role in neurological function, inhibits platelet aggregation and enhances vasodilation. Compared with other forms of tocopherol, alpha-tocopherol is the most biologically active form and is the form that is preferentially absorbed and retained in the body.
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A metallic element in the boron group with atomic symbol Al, atomic number 13, and atomic weight 27.
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A steroid hormone synthesized by the adrenal glands and the gonads from either 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone or dehydroepiandrosterone and is a precursor of testosterone.
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An antinuclear antibody directed against a 47 kDa RNA-binding protein in the nucleus. They can be associated with Sjogren syndrome and system lupus erythematosus. Maternal anti-La antibody positivity can be associated with neonatal lupus.
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An antinuclear antibody directed against 52 or 60 kDa RNA-binding proteins in the nucleus. They can be associated with multiple autoimmune disorders, primarily Sjogren syndrome and system lupus erythematosus. Maternal anti-Ro antibody positivity can be associated with neonatal lupus.
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An autoantibody that recognizes antigens found in the cytoplasm of neutrophils.
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Antithrombin-III (464 aa, ~53 kDa) is encoded by the human SERPINC1 gene. This protein is involved in the negative regulation of serine proteinase activity during blood coagulation.
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Apolipoprotein A-I (267 aa, ~31 kDa) is encoded by the human APOA1 gene. This protein is involved in the transport and metabolism of cholesterol.
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Appetite-regulating hormone (117 aa, ~13 kDa) is encoded by the human GHRL gene. This protein is involved in satiety, thirst and anxiety and regulating growth hormone release.
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This gene plays a role in the transcriptional activation of androgen responsive genes.
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A family of pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism and in the urea and tricarboxylic acid cycles. Aspartate aminotransferase specifically and reversibly catalyzes the transfer of an amino group from L-aspartate to alpha-ketoglutarate forming oxaloacetate and L-glutamate.
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This gene plays a role in the regulation of both chromatin remodeling and transcription.
