Glossary Term
Buffer
An ionic compound that resists changes in its pH.
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Glossary Term
An ionic compound that resists changes in its pH.
Glossary Term
Enzymatic (e.g. dUTP/UNG) and physical measures that stop amplified DNA from contaminating later runs. Labs with high daily volumes usually require dUTP/UNG chemistry in purchased assays; confirm this when comparing kits from different manufacturers.
Glossary Term
Single-stranded DNA that is complementary to messenger RNA or DNA that has been synthesized from messenger RNA by reverse transcriptase.
Glossary Term
A machine that uses centrifugal force to separate heavier substances from lighter ones, for removing moisture, or for simulating gravitational effects.
Glossary Term
The nonstaining primary constriction of a chromosome which is the point of attachment of the spindle fiber; provides the mechanism of chromosome movement during cell division; the centromere divides the chromosome into two arms, and its position is constant for a specific chromosome: near one end (acrocentric), near the center (metacentric), or between (submetacentric).
Glossary Term
The genetic material of the nucleus, consisting of deoxyribonucleoprotein, which occurs in two forms during the phase between mitotic divisions: 1) as heterochromatin, seen as condensed, readily stainable clumps; 2) as euchromatin, dispersed lightly staining or nonstaining material. During mitotic division the chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
Glossary Term
A structure found in cells that is comprised of a strand of linearized double-stranded DNA plus proteins that package the DNA in a condensed coil form and regulate chromosomal function.
Glossary Term
A sequence of single-stranded RNA that forms a covalently closed continuous loop.
Glossary Term
Neoplasm-derived DNA fragments found in the bloodstream or other bodily fluids that have been released from cells.
Glossary Term
A specific sequence of three adjacent bases on a strand of DNA or RNA that provides genetic code information for a particular amino acid.
Glossary Term
A sequence pattern derived from the alignment of multiple sequences that represents the nucleotide or amino acid most likely to occur at each position in a sequence.
Glossary Term
Variation in the number of copies of a particular sequence within the genetic material of an individual. Large-scale copy number polymorphisms are common and widely distributed in the human genome.