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Glossary Term
A natural compound of silicon and oxygen found mostly in sand, Silica has three main crystalline varieties: quartz, tridymite, and cristobalite. Fine particulate silica dust from quartz rock causes over a long-term progressive lung injury, silicosis. (NCI04)
Glossary Term
A variation of a single nucleotide at a specific location of the genome due to base substitution, present at an appreciable frequency between individuals of a single interbreeding population.
Glossary Term
A variation of a single nucleotide at a specific location of the genome due to base substitution, which is found at any frequency in the population.
Glossary Term
A long linear single-stranded polymer formed from nucleotides attached to a deoxyribose backbone.
Glossary Term
A 20 to 25-nucleotide double-stranded RNA which is involved in a sequence-specific messenger RNA degradation process known as RNA interference.
Glossary Term
The ability of a particular substance to dissolve in a particular solvent (yielding a saturated solution).
Glossary Term
A liquid that dissolves or that is capable of dissolving; the component of a solution that is present in greater amount.
Glossary Term
Any mutation with an origin in cells that are not destined to become gametes. As a consequence, such mutations are not transmitted to progeny, though they will be transmitted during any mitosis within the individual. Somatic mutations may contribute to a broad variety of pathologies including cancer.
Glossary Term
A part of a thing, or of several things, taken to demonstrate or to determine the character of the whole, e.g. a substance, or portion of material obtained for use in testing, examination, or study; particularly, a preparation of tissue or bodily fluid taken for examination or diagnosis.
Glossary Term
Any mutation that occurs within the discrete sequences comprising the 5' or 3' splice sites of a gene that has a spliced message. Splice-site mutation may result in a deletion or insertion of extraneous amino acids in the gene product or a change in the reading frame of the spliced message.
Glossary Term
A measure of the range of values in a set of numbers. Standard deviation is a statistic used as a measure of the dispersion or variation in a distribution, equal to the square root of the arithmetic mean of the squares of the deviations from the arithmetic mean.
Glossary Term
The standard deviations of the sample in a frequency distribution, obtained by dividing the standard deviation by the square root of the total number of cases in the frequency distribution.
