Indicators
Cardiac Troponin (cTnI/cTnT)
Proteins released into blood when heart muscle is injured; the central laboratory marker in suspected heart attack.
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Indicators
Proteins released into blood when heart muscle is injured; the central laboratory marker in suspected heart attack.
Tests
Blood proteins released when heart muscle is injured; the primary laboratory marker in the evaluation of possible acute myocardial infarction.
Indicators
An amino acid derivative. Carnitine facilitates long-chain fatty acid entry into mitochondria, delivering substrate for oxidation and subsequent energy production. Fatty acids are utilized as an energy substrate in all tissues except the brain.
Tests
The determination of cellular CD192 expression in a biological specimen.
Tests
The determination of cellular CD21 expression in a biological specimen.
Tests
The determination of the amount of cellular BCL2 expression present in a sample.
Indicators
This gene plays a role in cell survival and the negative regulation of cell growth.
Glossary Term
The genetic material of the nucleus, consisting of deoxyribonucleoprotein, which occurs in two forms during the phase between mitotic divisions: 1) as heterochromatin, seen as condensed, readily stainable clumps; 2) as euchromatin, dispersed lightly staining or nonstaining material. During mitotic division the chromatin condenses into chromosomes.
Article
Research record from Biosens Bioelectron, 2026-03-03. PMID 41797024.
Indicators
A tricarboxylic acid found in citrus fruits. Citric acid is used as an excipient in pharmaceutical preparations due to its antioxidant properties. It maintains stability of active ingredients and is used as a preservative. It is also used as an acidulant to control pH and acts as an anticoagulant by chelating calcium in blood.
Indicators
A non-essential amino acid. In hepatocytes, L-citrulline is synthesized in the urea cycle by the addition of carbon dioxide and ammonia to ornithine. L-citrulline is converted into L-arginine by the enzymes argininosuccinate synthetase and argininosuccinate lyase in the presence of L-aspartate and ATP. Subsequently, L-arginine is converted to nitric oxide by nitric oxide synthase and L-citrulline is regenerated as a by-product.
Indicators
Coagulation factor XII (615 aa, ~68 kDa) is encoded by the human F12 gene. This protein is involved in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis.