Glossary Term
Telomere
A stretch of repetitive nucleotide sequences (TTAGGG repeats in humans) found at both ends of each chromatid arm that plays a role in chromosome stability during replication.
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Glossary Term
A stretch of repetitive nucleotide sequences (TTAGGG repeats in humans) found at both ends of each chromatid arm that plays a role in chromosome stability during replication.
Glossary Term
A genetic process in which single-stranded RNA with base sequence complementary to a region of plus strand DNA is synthesized by DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Following the binding of RNA polymerase on DNA promoter regions, the RNA product is synthesized in a 5' to 3' direction, elongating RNA along the DNA strand as the polymerase proceeds, accompanied by unwinding and rewinding of the DNA template.
Glossary Term
The complete set of RNA transcripts that are produced by the genome, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.
Glossary Term
A class of short adaptor RNAs that transfers a specific amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation. Each transfer RNA comprises a three-nucleotide sequence that is complementary to the triplet nucleotide coding sequence of an mRNA, conferring specificity to the amino acid being incorporated into the assembling protein.
Glossary Term
The act or process of rendering from one language into another.
Glossary Term
The movement of a physical object from one place to another. (NCI)
Glossary Term
A relatively less common point mutation in which a purine is exchanged for a pyrimidine or a pyrimidine is exchanged for a purine.
Glossary Term
Ubiquitin is a family of widely distributed proteins found in all eukaryotes that contain a highly conserved sequence of 76 amino acids identical in organisms from humans to insects. It participates in diverse cellular functions by conjugation to other proteins through its carboxy terminus. Ubiquitination is associated with many highly regulated biological events including protein degradation, chromatin remodelling, heat shock, cell cycle progression, differentiation, antigen presentation, retrovirus assembly, apoptosis, signal transduction, transcriptional activation, biological clocks, receptor down regulation, and endocytosis. Protein ubiquitination regulates the half-lives of many proteins by targeting them for degradation. Newly discovered families of ubiquitination and deubiquitination enzymes participate in these processes. Ubiquitination enzymes may provide new therapeutic targets and ways of intervention in many human diseases.
Glossary Term
Short random nucleotide sequences that are ligated to each primer molecule during amplification of a nucleotide sample during library preparation to act as a unique tag. Their use helps to identify PCR duplicates in sequencing data.
Glossary Term
The product of so-called RNA genes; a functional RNA represents the final product of a gene rather than a transient molecule that will be translated into protein.
Glossary Term
The relative rate of occurrence of a specific variant allele compared to the total number of alleles at that locus in the sample. This measurement may be reported as a ratio or percentage.
Glossary Term
An alteration or difference from a norm or standard.