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Tumor necrosis factor (233 aa, ~26 kDa) is encoded by the human TNF gene. This protein is involved in the induction of cytokine expression, the stimulation of cell proliferation and the positive regulation of cell differentiation.
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Tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 11B (401 aa, ~46 kDa) is encoded by the human TNFRSF11B gene. This protein plays a role in the negative regulation of both osteoblast differentiation and bone resorption.
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This gene is involved in cellular growth regulation and is purported to have tumor suppression activity.
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This anti-apoptotic gene regulates apoptotic activity. BIRC3 gene promotes tumor cell survival.
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An antigen expressed by tissues derived from mullerian epithelium (tubal, endometrial and endocervical) or celomic epithelium (mesothelial cells of the pleura, pericardium and peritoneum). Although its biochemical nature has not been clearly defined, CA125 has been described as a glycosylated, high-molecular-weight protein that may be released from damaged cells. Measurable in plasma, CA125 is a sensitive, nonspecific tumor marker for ovarian cancer; as such it is much more useful for monitoring clinical responses to the treatment of ovarian cancer than for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Elevated plasma CA125 may occur in association with other malignancies and non-malignant gynecologic disorders. (NCI04)
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CA 19-9 is a fucosylated glycosphingolipid carbohydrate antigen that is soluble and is adsorbed to erythrocytes and to many adenocarcinomas of the digestive tract, especially pancreatic tumors. By structure CA 19-9 is related to the Lewis blood group antigens.
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A cancer-specific antigen associated with both tumors and the developing fetus. The main use of this antigen is as a tumor marker, especially with respect to intestinal cancers. Production of the antigen ceases shortly before birth, but may reappear in people who develop certain types of cancer.
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This gene functions as a tumor suppressor and transcriptional regulator.
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This gene may play a role in RNA splicing and tumor suppression.
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A cardiac glycoside. Digoxin inhibits the sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) pump, thereby increasing intracellular calcium and enhancing cardiac contractility. This agent also acts directly on the atrioventricular node to suppress conduction, thereby slowing conduction velocity. Apparently due to its effects on intracellular calcium concentrations, digoxin induces apoptosis of tumor cells via a pathway involving mitochondrial cytochrome c and caspases 8 and 3. (NCI04)
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Fibroblast growth factor 23 (251 aa, ~28 kDa) is encoded by the human FGF23 gene. This protein is involved in inhibition of renal tubular phosphate transport.
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This gene may play a role in tumor suppression.
