Indicadores
Androstenedione
A steroid hormone synthesized by the adrenal glands and the gonads from either 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone or dehydroepiandrosterone and is a precursor of testosterone.
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Indicadores
A steroid hormone synthesized by the adrenal glands and the gonads from either 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone or dehydroepiandrosterone and is a precursor of testosterone.
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C-reactive protein (224 aa, ~25 kDa) is encoded by the human CRP gene. This protein is cleaved during biological activation and is associated with host defense mechanisms and inflammatory responses.
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An animal sterol found in the body tissues (and blood plasma) of vertebrates. It can be found in large concentrations within the liver, spinal cord, and brain. Cholesterol is an important component of the membranes of cells, providing stability. It is the major precursor for the synthesis of vitamin D, of the various steroid hormones, including cortisol, cortisone, and aldosterone in the adrenal glands, and of the sex hormones progesterone, estrogen, and testosterone. Cholesterol also has an important role for the brain synapses as well as in the immune system. In conditions featuring elevated low density lipoproteins (LDL), cholesterol often forms plaque deposits in the walls of arteries, a condition known as atherosclerosis, which is a major contributor to coronary heart disease and other forms of cardiovascular disease.
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Complement component-4 (1744 aa, ~193 kDa) is part of the complement cascade, which mediates the innate immune response to infection. The full length protein is a precursor that is secreted as a trimeric molecule containing an alpha, beta and gamma chain. When the complement cascade is initiated, the protein is cleaved. This proteolysis releases both the alpha chain, C4 anaphylatoxin, which stimulates inflammation, and a dimer of the beta and gamma chains, which mediates the interaction between the antigen-antibody complex and other complement components.
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A non-essential alpha-amino acid and excitatory neurotransmitter. Glutamic acid can serve as a precursor for the synthesis of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA).
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A non-essential, non-polar, non-optical, glucogenic amino acid. Glycine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS, triggers chloride ion influx via ionotropic receptors, thereby creating an inhibitory post-synaptic potential. In contrast, this agent also acts as a co-agonist, along with glutamate, facilitating an excitatory potential at the glutaminergic N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors. Glycine is an important component and precursor for many macromolecules in the cells.
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Interleukin-18 (193 aa, ~22 kDa) is encoded by the human IL18 gene. This protein is involved in the regulation of both natural killer cell activity and the production of interferon gamma.
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Interleukin-2 (153 aa, ~18 kDa) is encoded by the human IL2 gene. This protein is involved in T-cell proliferation, leukocyte stimulation and immune responses.
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Interleukin-4 (153 aa, ~17 kDa) is encoded by the human IL4 gene. This protein is involved in the regulation of the expression of class II MHC molecules, Fc receptors and cell surface-bound immunoglobulins.
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Interleukin-5 (134 aa, ~15 kDa) is encoded by the human IL5 gene. This protein plays a role in the growth and differentiation of both B-cells and eosinophils.
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The levorotatory isomer of the aromatic amino acid tyrosine. L-tyrosine is a naturally occurring tyrosine and is synthesized in vivo from L-phenylalanine. It is considered a non-essential amino acid; however, in patients with phenylketonuria who lack phenylalanine hydroxylase and cannot convert phenylalanine into tyrosine, it is considered an essential nutrient. In vivo, tyrosine plays a role in protein synthesis and serves as a precursor for the synthesis of catecholamines, thyroxine, and melanin.
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Plasminogen (810 aa, ~91 kDa) is encoded by the human PLG gene. This protein is involved in fibrinolysis, platelet activation and tissue remodeling.