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An antiphospholipid autoantibody that reacts with beta-2-glycoprotein 1, and a member of family of autoantibodies that cause antiphospholipid antibody syndrome and may be found in system lupus erythematosus.
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Apolipoprotein A-I (267 aa, ~31 kDa) is encoded by the human APOA1 gene. This protein is involved in the transport and metabolism of cholesterol.
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Beta-2-glycoprotein 1 (345 aa, ~38 kDa) is encoded by the human APOH gene. This protein is involved in binding to phospholipids, glycosaminoglycans and other negatively charged substances.
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Beta-2-microglobulin protein (119 aa, ~14 kDa) is encoded by the human B2M gene. This protein plays a role in immune responses and is a key component of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. The protein is localized to the surface of cells and is utilized as a prognostic marker in persons with cancers that involve white blood cells. The polypeptide is also used as a marker in kidney damage diagnosis and in the detection of viral infection.
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Chromogranin-A (457 aa, ~51 kDa) is encoded by the human CHGA gene. This protein plays a role in the modulation of both blood pressure and pancreatic release of insulin.
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A nonessential amino acid. Glutamine can donate the ammonia on its side chain to the formation of urea (for eventual excretion by the kidneys) and to purines (necessary for the synthesis of nucleic acids). Glutamic acid-to-glutamine conversion, in which an ammonia group is added to glutamic acid (catalyzed by glutamine synthase), is of central importance in the regulation of toxic levels of ammonia in the body. This agent is a substrate for the production of both excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters (glutamate and GABA) and is also an important source of energy for the nervous system. Glutamine may become a conditionally essential amino acid during certain catabolic states.
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This gene plays a role in both immune responses and histocompatibility processes.
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Insulin-like growth factor I (195 aa, ~22 kDa) is encoded by the human IGF1 gene. This protein may be involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism.
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Exhibiting a broad range of biological activities on T and natural killer cells, Interleukin-12 is a disulfide-bonded heterodimeric cytokine composed of a 35-kD IL12A subunit (IL-6 Superfamily) and a 40-kDa IL12B subunit (Type I Cytokine Receptor 3 Family). IL12 stimulates T-cell-independent production of IFN-gamma by PBMCs, enhances NK cell lytic activity, acts as a growth factor for T- and NK-cells, and is important for Th1 and Th2 cell differentiation. Lymphocyte responses to IL12 require NOS2A and are mediated by STAT4 activator of transcription. (NCI)
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Interleukin-5 (134 aa, ~15 kDa) is encoded by the human IL5 gene. This protein plays a role in the growth and differentiation of both B-cells and eosinophils.
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Interleukin-8 (99 aa, ~11 kDa) is encoded by the human CXCL8 gene. This protein is involved in chemotaxis and neutrophil activation.
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This gene plays a role in the regulation of protein kinase A.