Glossary Term
Gene Expression
Typically involves transcription of genetically encoded information into an intermediary message (messenger RNA) and subsequent translation into a functional protein.
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Glossary Term
Typically involves transcription of genetically encoded information into an intermediary message (messenger RNA) and subsequent translation into a functional protein.
Glossary Term
Mutually exclusive alternative forms of the same gene occupying the same locus on homologous chromosomes, differing in nucleotide sequence and governing the same biochemical and developmental process.
Glossary Term
Alternate Splicing is a process in which multiple protein isoforms or products are generated from a single gene as a result of splicing together different nonconsecutive exons during the processing of initially identical nascent transcripts of a gene into mature mRNA transcripts. An exon may be connected to any one of several alternative exons to form the mRNA and generate related proteins, often in a tissue or developmental stage specific manner.
Glossary Term
A 50-150bp DNA sequence that increases the rate of transcription of coding sequences. It may be located at various distances and in either orientation upstream from, downstream from or within a structural gene. When bound by a specific transcription factor it increases the levels of expression of the gene, but is not sufficient alone to cause expression. Distinguished from a promoter, that is alone sufficient to cause expression of the gene when bound.
Glossary Term
Changes in the regulation of the expression of gene activity without alteration of genetic structure.
Glossary Term
The sequences of a gene that are present in the final, mature, spliced messenger RNA molecule from that gene.
Glossary Term
A mutation occurring within the protein-coding region of a gene which results in a shift in the reading frame of the encoded protein. Frameshift mutations often result in the premature truncation of a gene product.
Glossary Term
Any DNA sequence rearrangement that results in the gain of one or more copies of a DNA segment that contains at least one gene.
Glossary Term
A deletion that results in the loss of a DNA segment encompassing an entire gene sequence.
Glossary Term
Any hybrid gene formed from two previously separate genes. Such fusions occur as a result of translocation, intersititial deletion or chromosomal inversion, and often result in gene products with functions different from the two fusion partners. Gene fusions are associated frequently with hematological cancers, sarcomas and prostate cancer.
Glossary Term
Having two different allelic forms of a gene, one inherited from each parent, on each of the two homologous chromosomes.
Glossary Term
Having two identical allelic forms of a gene, one inherited from each parent, on each of the two homologous chromosomes.