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An antigen expressed by tissues derived from mullerian epithelium (tubal, endometrial and endocervical) or celomic epithelium (mesothelial cells of the pleura, pericardium and peritoneum). Although its biochemical nature has not been clearly defined, CA125 has been described as a glycosylated, high-molecular-weight protein that may be released from damaged cells. Measurable in plasma, CA125 is a sensitive, nonspecific tumor marker for ovarian cancer; as such it is much more useful for monitoring clinical responses to the treatment of ovarian cancer than for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. Elevated plasma CA125 may occur in association with other malignancies and non-malignant gynecologic disorders. (NCI04)
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CA 19-9 is a fucosylated glycosphingolipid carbohydrate antigen that is soluble and is adsorbed to erythrocytes and to many adenocarcinomas of the digestive tract, especially pancreatic tumors. By structure CA 19-9 is related to the Lewis blood group antigens.
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An element with atomic symbol Ca, atomic number 20, and atomic weight 40.08.
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Tumor-associated oncofetal glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72) is a high molecular weight (220-400 kD) complex expressed by a wide variety of human adenocarcinomas. This antigen is expressed by a majority of invasive ductal breast carcinomas, and most colon, pancreatic, gastric, esophageal, lung (non-small cell), ovarian and endometrial adenocarcinomas, and on normal secretory endometrium, but not on other normal tissues. It is not expressed by leukemias, lymphomas, sarcomas, mesotheliomas, melanomas or benign tumors. The monoclonal antibodies against TAG-72 have been widely employed for the immunohistochemical analysis of adenocarcinomas as well as for radioimmunoscintigraphy and radioimmunoguided surgery.
