Glossary Term
Adsorption
The adhesion of a gas, liquid or dissolved solid chemical of interest onto a solid surface.
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Glossary Term
The adhesion of a gas, liquid or dissolved solid chemical of interest onto a solid surface.
Glossary Term
A volatile liquid prepared by fermentation of certain carbohydrates. Alcohol acts as a central nervous system (CNS) depressant, a diuretic, and a disinfectant. Although the exact mechanism of CNS depression is unknown, alcohol may act by inhibiting the opening of calcium channels, mediated by the binding of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA) to GABA-A receptors, or through inhibitory actions at N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptors. Alcohol inhibits the production of antidiuretic hormone, thereby producing diuresis that may lead to dehydration. This agent kills organisms by denaturing their proteins.
Glossary Term
Pertaining to a portion of the whole; any one of two or more samples of something, of the same volume or weight.
Glossary Term
Alternate Splicing is a process in which multiple protein isoforms or products are generated from a single gene as a result of splicing together different nonconsecutive exons during the processing of initially identical nascent transcripts of a gene into mature mRNA transcripts. An exon may be connected to any one of several alternative exons to form the mRNA and generate related proteins, often in a tissue or developmental stage specific manner.
Glossary Term
A statistical technique which helps in making inference whether three or more samples might come from populations having the same mean; specifically, whether the differences among the samples might be caused by chance variation.
Glossary Term
A type of protein made by B lymphocytes in response to a foreign substance (antigen). Each antibody only binds to a specific antigen, helping to destroy the antigen directly or by assisting white blood cells to destroy the antigen.
Glossary Term
Any substance, generally a protein, that stimulates the immune system and elicits an immune response. Recognition by the immune system elicits either a T-lymphocyte response, recognizing processed antigens, or a B-lymphocyte response, producing antibodies that bind to unprocessed antigens.
Glossary Term
The area between the x-axis and the curve given by the integrand. It is equal to the definite integral of a function. In the field of pharmacokinetics, the area under the curve (AUC) is the area under the curve in a plot of concentration of a drug in plasma against time. AUC is usually given for the time interval zero to infinity, and other time intervals are indicated.
Glossary Term
The sum of a set of values divided by the number of values in the set.
Glossary Term
A methodical examination or review of a condition or situation.
Glossary Term
A chromosome not involved in sex determination. The diploid human genome consists of a total of 46 chromosomes which includes 22 pairs of autosomes.
Glossary Term
Strength of binding, usually of a small molecule with multiple binding sites by a larger, particularly the binding of a complex antigen by an antibody.