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A water-soluble vitamin ubiquitously found in plants and animal tissues with antioxidant property. Vitamin B5 is a component of coenzyme A (CoA) and a part of the vitamin B2 complex. Vitamin B5 is a growth factor and is essential for various metabolic functions, including the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fatty acids. This vitamin is also involved in the synthesis of cholesterol, lipids, neurotransmitters, steroid hormones, and hemoglobin.
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This gene plays a role in mitogenic activities affecting mesenchymal cells and is involved in receptor tyrosine kinase signal transduction.
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This gene plays a role in mitogenic activities affecting mesenchymal cells and a translocation in the gene results in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.
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This gene is involved in second messenger signaling, apoptosis, cell growth and angiogenesis.
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Prolactin (227 aa, ~26 kDa) is encoded by the human PRL gene. This protein is involved in the promotion of lactation in the mammary gland.
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This gene is involved in cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and migration. It also plays a role in apoptosis.
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This gene is involved in the regulation of cell differentiation, growth and proliferation.
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This gene plays an essential role in neural crest development, cellular growth and differentiation. Mutations in the gene are associated with a variety of neoplasias and carcinomas.
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The fat soluble vitamin retinol. Vitamin A binds to and activates retinoid receptors (RARs), thereby inducing cell differentiation and apoptosis of some cancer cell types and inhibiting carcinogenesis. Vitamin A plays an essential role in many physiologic processes, including proper functioning of the retina, growth and differentiation of target tissues, proper functioning of the reproductive organs, and modulation of immune function.
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This gene plays a role in receptor tyrosine phosphorylation signal transduction, and is thought to play a role in cellular growth or differentiation, but an exact function has not been substantiated.
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Sclerostin (213 aa, ~24 kDa) is encoded by the human SOST gene. This protein plays a role in the regulation of bone growth and Wnt signaling pathways.
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A non-essential amino acid in humans (synthesized by the body), Serine is present and functionally important in many proteins. With an alcohol group, serine is needed for the metabolism of fats, fatty acids, and cell membranes; muscle growth; and a healthy immune system. It also plays a major role in pyrimidine, purine, creatine, and porphyrin biosynthetic pathways. Serine is also found at the active site of the serine protease enzyme class that includes trypsin and chymotrypsin. (NCI04)