Glossary Term
A subunit of DNA or RNA consisting of a nitrogenous base (adenine, guanine, thymine, or cytosine in DNA; adenine, guanine, uracil, or cytosine in RNA), a phosphate molecule, and a sugar molecule (deoxyribose in DNA and ribose in RNA).
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A DNA polymer made up of a small number of nucleotides.
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A sequence of nucleotides in that contains no termination codons and so can potentially translate as a polypeptide chain.
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A score reported on a logarithmic scale representing the probability that a nucleotide base was incorrectly called by the base caller.
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A small-scale mutation in which a single nucleotide is exchanged for another. Mutagenic chemicals and mistakes in DNA replication may result in point mutations.
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Encoded by Polymerase Genes, Polymerase enzymes catalyze polymerization reactions, especially of nucleotides to polynucleotides. (NCI)
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The number of times a particular locus (site, nucleotide, amplicon, region) was sequenced.
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The number of nucleotides successfully ordered from each side of a nucleic acid fragment obtained after the completion of a sequencing process.
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One of the three possible ways of reading a nucleotide sequence. As the genetic code is read in nonoverlapping triplets (codons) there are three possible ways of translating a sequence of nucleotides into a protein, each with a different starting point.
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Enzymes that exhibit endonuclease activity at a specific short nucleotide sequence to cleave strands of DNA.
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Single-stranded long chain of nucleotides containing ribose. It is the end product of DNA transcription by the enzyme RNA polymerase. It is essential in protein synthesis.
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A variation of a single nucleotide at a specific location of the genome due to base substitution, present at an appreciable frequency between individuals of a single interbreeding population.
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