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The most potent form of the naturally occurring steroid sex hormone in humans, produced by ovary, placenta, testis, and in small amount by adrenal cortex. Estradiol binds to a specific intracellular estrogen receptor located in female organs, breasts, hypothalamus and pituitary. The receptor-ligand complex promotes gene expression necessary for the maintenance of fertility and secondary sexual characteristics in females. In addition, estradiol exhibits mild anabolic and metabolic properties, and increases blood coagulability. Estradiol, the principal intracellular human estrogen, is substantially more active at the cellular level than its metabolites, estrone and estriol.
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GGT participates in the transfer of amino acids across the cellular membrane and in glutathione metabolism. High concentrations are found in the liver, bile ducts, and the kidney. A test that measures the amount of GGT in the blood is used to detect diseases of the liver, bile ducts, and kidney; and to differentiate liver or bile duct (hepatobiliary) disorders from bone disease.
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Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (359 aa, ~39 kDa) is encoded by the human HAVCR1 gene. This protein is involved in the modulation of asthma and allergic reactions.
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This gene plays a role in signal transduction and cellular communication.
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This gene plays a role in cellular hematopoiesis and differentiations. Mutations in the gene are associated with several diseases, including acute myelogenous leukemia, gastrointestinal tumors, and mast cell disease.
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This gene plays a role in mediating cellular responses to growth factors, metabolic stimuli and mitogens.
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This gene plays a role in several cellular processes related to cellular viability; including the cell cycle and apoptosis.
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This gene plays a role in cell cycle progression and apoptosis. Cytogenetic aberrations in the gene are involved in cellular transformation and are associated with a variety of hematopoietic tumors, leukemias and lymphomas.
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Myoglobin (154 aa, ~17 kDa) is encoded by the human MB gene. This protein is involved in cellular storage and transport of oxygen.
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This gene is involved in cellular differentiation and neurotrophic functions.
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This gene plays a role in neuronal development and cellular differentiation. Mutations in the gene are associated with medulloblastomas, secretory breast carcinomas and other cancers.
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This gene plays an essential role in neural crest development, cellular growth and differentiation. Mutations in the gene are associated with a variety of neoplasias and carcinomas.
