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The orally bioavailable alpha form of the naturally-occurring fat-soluble vitamin E, with potent antioxidant and cytoprotective activities. Upon administration, alpha-tocopherol neutralizes free radicals, thereby protecting tissues and organs from oxidative damage. Alpha-tocopherol gets incorporated into biological membranes, prevents protein oxidation and inhibits lipid peroxidation, thereby maintaining cell membrane integrity and protecting the cell against damage. In addition, alpha-tocopherol inhibits the activity of protein kinase C (PKC) and PKC-mediated pathways. Alpha-tocopherol also modulates the expression of various genes, plays a key role in neurological function, inhibits platelet aggregation and enhances vasodilation. Compared with other forms of tocopherol, alpha-tocopherol is the most biologically active form and is the form that is preferentially absorbed and retained in the body.
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This gene plays a regulatory role in megakaryocytopoiesis and platelet formation.
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This gene plays a role in mitogenic activities affecting mesenchymal cells and is involved in receptor tyrosine kinase signal transduction.
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This gene plays a role in mitogenic activities affecting mesenchymal cells and a translocation in the gene results in chronic myelomonocytic leukemia.
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Plasminogen (810 aa, ~91 kDa) is encoded by the human PLG gene. This protein is involved in fibrinolysis, platelet activation and tissue remodeling.
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An irregular, disc-shaped element in the blood that assists in blood clotting. Platelets are not blood cells, they are fragments of large bone marrow cells called megakaryocytes.
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Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (441 aa, ~50 kDa) is encoded by the human PLA2G7 gene. This protein is involved in platelet-activating factor metabolism.
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A nonmetallic chemical element found in trace amounts in human body. Selenium primarily occurs in vivo as selenocompounds, mostly selenoproteins such as glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase (enzymes responsible for detoxification). Alone or in combination with Vitamin E, selenocompounds act as antioxidants. These agents scavenge free radicals; prevent blood clots by inhibiting platelet aggregation; strengthen the immune system; and have been shown, in some instances, to inhibit chromosomal damage and mutations. Exhibiting chemopreventive activity, selenocompounds also inhibit the induction of protein kinase C.
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von Willebrand factor (2813 aa, ~309 kDa) is encoded by the human VWF gene. This protein is involved in platelet adhesion and blood coagulation.
