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Hemoglobin A2
A tetrameric complex of 2 molecules of hemoglobin subunit alpha (encoded by either the HBA1 or HBA2 gene) and 2 molecules of hemoglobin subunit delta (encoded by the HBD gene).
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Indicators
A tetrameric complex of 2 molecules of hemoglobin subunit alpha (encoded by either the HBA1 or HBA2 gene) and 2 molecules of hemoglobin subunit delta (encoded by the HBD gene).
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A tetrameric complex of 2 molecules of hemoglobin subunit alpha (encoded by either the HBA1 or HBA2 gene) and 2 molecules of hemoglobin subunit gamma (encoded by either the HBG1 or HBG2 gene).
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A tetrameric complex of 2 molecules of hemoglobin subunit alpha (encoded by either the HBA1 or HBA2 gene) and 2 molecules of a hemoglobin subunit beta variant where the glutamic acid residue at position 7 has been replaced by valine.
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Hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 (359 aa, ~39 kDa) is encoded by the human HAVCR1 gene. This protein is involved in the modulation of asthma and allergic reactions.
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Any one of the hepatitis B antigens found on the surface of the Dane particle and on the 20 nm spherical and tubular particles. Several subspecificities of the surface antigen are known. These were formerly called the Australia antigen.
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The smallest and densest lipoproteins, containing a high proportion of protein. They are synthesized in the liver as empty proteins and they pick up cholesterol and increase in size as they circulate through the bloodstream. Because HDL can remove cholesterol from the arteries, and transport it back to the liver for excretion, they are seen as "good" lipoproteins.
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A sialoglycoprotein hormone secreted by the placenta and maintains the corpus luteum at the beginning of the gestation period.
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A physiological progestin that is produced during glucocorticoid and steroid hormone synthesis and is increased during the third trimester of pregnancy. Hydroxyprogesterone binds to the cytoplasmic progesterone receptors in the reproductive system and subsequently activates progesterone receptor mediated gene expression.
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A nonessential amino acid derivative formed during post-translational protein modification through hydroxylation of the amino acid proline by the enzyme prolyl hydroxylase which requires vitamin C as a co-factor. Hydroxyproline is a major component of the protein collagen and plays a key role in the stability of the collagen triple helix. It can be used as an indicator to determine the amount of collagen. Increased hydroxyproline levels in the urine and/or serum are normally associated with degradation of connective tissue. Vitamin C deficiency decreases the conversion of proline to hydroxyproline, which leads to reduced collagen stability.
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IgA is the immunoglobulin subclass that is associated with antibody-mediated mucosal immunity. It is secreted as dimers into the mucosa and is the most effective isotype at fixing complement by the alternative pathway, even though it lacks the ability to fix complement by the classical pathway. There are two subtypes in the human - IgA1 and IgA2.
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An immunoglobulin isotype (subclass). This isotype has the unique ability to bind with high affinity to IgE receptors (FceRI) on mast cells and basophils and induce degranulation and cytokine production by these cells when they are crosslinked by antigen. In addition to a central role in atopy and allergic responses, it has been speculated that IgE-mediated mast cell degranulation, by its release of mediators that increase vascular permeability, has an important role in the initiation of immune response in general.
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The most abundant immunoglobulin G (IgG) subclass in the circulation of healthy individuals. The IgG1 core hinge sequence contains 15 amino acids and two interchain disulfide bonds. This subtype has high affinity for binding both Fc receptors and complement component C1q. IgG1 is the predominant antibody subclass that responds to antigens derived from both soluble and membrane proteins. Reduced levels of circulating IgG1 can indicate the presence of a variety of primary and secondary antibody deficiencies, which can result in hypogammaglobulinemia.