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Glossary Term
Genetic Variation consists of deviation(s) in the nucleotide sequence of the genetic material of an individual from that typical of the group to which the individual belongs, or deviation(s) in the nucleotide sequence of the genetic material of offspring from that of its parents.
Glossary Term
Any mutation that appears in the gametes and which will therefore be transmitted to the progeny with some frequency.
Glossary Term
Any mutation with an origin in cells that are not destined to become gametes. As a consequence, such mutations are not transmitted to progeny, though they will be transmitted during any mitosis within the individual. Somatic mutations may contribute to a broad variety of pathologies including cancer.
Glossary Term
An alteration or difference from a norm or standard.
Glossary Term
A statistical technique which helps in making inference whether three or more samples might come from populations having the same mean; specifically, whether the differences among the samples might be caused by chance variation.
Glossary Term
Variation in the number of copies of a particular sequence within the genetic material of an individual. Large-scale copy number polymorphisms are common and widely distributed in the human genome.
Glossary Term
A genetic variation where gain, loss, or exchange of DNA results in monoallelic loss of function mutations in a diploid cell. In the context of tumor suppressor genes, where a single copy is sufficient for functionality, loss of function for the second allele is associated with tumorigenesis.
Glossary Term
A statistical method to test if observations are significant or due to chance. It proposes that no statistical significance exists in a set of given observations and attempts to show that no variation exists between variables or that a single variable is no different than its mean. It is presumed to be true until statistical evidence nullifies it for an alternative hypothesis.
Glossary Term
The difference between the lowest and highest numerical values; the limits or scale of variation.
Glossary Term
Complementary precision measures: repeatability is variation under the same conditions (same operator, equipment, short interval); reproducibility is variation across conditions — different days, operators, lots, or laboratories.
Glossary Term
A variation of a single nucleotide at a specific location of the genome due to base substitution, present at an appreciable frequency between individuals of a single interbreeding population.
Glossary Term
A variation of a single nucleotide at a specific location of the genome due to base substitution, which is found at any frequency in the population.
