Glossary Term
Acetylation
Acetylation involves the covalent linkage of an acetyl group into an organic molecule.
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Glossary Term
Acetylation involves the covalent linkage of an acetyl group into an organic molecule.
Glossary Term
A characteristic of experiment design in which one or more groups involved (receiving, administering, or evaluating intervention) are unaware of which intervention any particular subject is receiving.
Glossary Term
A study that compares two groups of people: those with the disease or condition under study (cases) and a very similar group of people who do not have the disease or condition (controls). Researchers study the medical and lifestyle histories of the people in each group to learn what factors may be associated with the disease or condition. For example, one group may have been exposed to a particular substance that the other was not. Also called retrospective study.
Glossary Term
A research study that compares a particular outcome (such as lung cancer) in groups of individuals who are alike in many ways but differ by a certain characteristic (for example, female nurses who smoke compared with those who do not smoke).
Glossary Term
A nucleotide comprised of either a purine or pyrimidine nitrogenous base bound to a deoxyribose sugar esterified with three phosphate groups. These molecules are essential for DNA synthesis.
Glossary Term
Genetic Variation consists of deviation(s) in the nucleotide sequence of the genetic material of an individual from that typical of the group to which the individual belongs, or deviation(s) in the nucleotide sequence of the genetic material of offspring from that of its parents.
Glossary Term
The covalent chemical or biochemical addition of carbohydrate or glycosyl groups to other chemicals, by glycosyl transferases.
Glossary Term
The covalent chemical or biochemical addition of a methyl group(s) to a compound. (NCI)
Glossary Term
The ratio of the odds of an event occurring in one group to the odds of it occurring in another group, or to a sample-based estimate of that ratio.
Glossary Term
A method used to test whether the mean difference between pairs of measurements in a related group are significant.
Glossary Term
A study in which the participants are assigned by chance to separate groups to evaluate treatments. The study also includes a control group, which is undergoing the same rigors of the study with placebo treatment or standard treatment. The trial can also be controlled by the addition of a test group to ensure there are no factors present to skew the results and by the inclusion of peer-review analysis by appropriate government officials. 2005