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Beta-2-microglobulin protein (119 aa, ~14 kDa) is encoded by the human B2M gene. This protein plays a role in immune responses and is a key component of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. The protein is localized to the surface of cells and is utilized as a prognostic marker in persons with cancers that involve white blood cells. The polypeptide is also used as a marker in kidney damage diagnosis and in the detection of viral infection.
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This gene plays a role in both immune responses and histocompatibility processes.
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A class of interferon (leukocyte interferon) produced predominantly by B lymphocytes. Located in a cluster on 9p22 there are at least 13 functional genes and 1 pseudogene.
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Interleukin-4 (153 aa, ~17 kDa) is encoded by the human IL4 gene. This protein is involved in the regulation of the expression of class II MHC molecules, Fc receptors and cell surface-bound immunoglobulins.
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White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each); those with characteristics of neither major class are called null cells.
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A non-essential amino acid in humans (synthesized by the body), Serine is present and functionally important in many proteins. With an alcohol group, serine is needed for the metabolism of fats, fatty acids, and cell membranes; muscle growth; and a healthy immune system. It also plays a major role in pyrimidine, purine, creatine, and porphyrin biosynthetic pathways. Serine is also found at the active site of the serine protease enzyme class that includes trypsin and chymotrypsin. (NCI04)
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This gene plays a role in G protein-coupled receptor signal transduction and sonic hedgehog pathway activation.