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Glossary Term
Nonfunctional DNA sequences that are very similar to the sequences of known genes. Many seem to have arisen as functional gene duplications that subsequently underwent mutation and loss of function. Others are structurally similar to mRNA and seem to have arisen by a reverse transcription event followed by integration into the genome. Some pseudogenes are transcribed and may play a role in regulation of its homologous gene.
Glossary Term
Any of four equal-sized sets of observations in a ranked sample.
Glossary Term
A study in which the participants are assigned by chance to separate groups to evaluate treatments. The study also includes a control group, which is undergoing the same rigors of the study with placebo treatment or standard treatment. The trial can also be controlled by the addition of a test group to ensure there are no factors present to skew the results and by the inclusion of peer-review analysis by appropriate government officials. 2005
Glossary Term
One of the three possible ways of reading a nucleotide sequence. As the genetic code is read in nonoverlapping triplets (codons) there are three possible ways of translating a sequence of nucleotides into a protein, each with a different starting point.
Glossary Term
Any natural or synthetic substance used in a chemical or biological reaction in order to produce, identify, or measure another substance.
Glossary Term
An application of PCR that measures the products generated during each cycle of the polymerase chain reaction process in order to determine the starting amount of template in the reaction.
Glossary Term
A sequence in DNA that can be recognized by a specific restriction enzyme.
Glossary Term
A study in which participants with known outcomes are assessed based on data collected before the study.
Glossary Term
An RNA-dependent DNA polymerase that is involved in the replication of retroviruses an in the maintenance of telomeres.
Glossary Term
A two-step setup in which RNA is first copied into complementary DNA by a reverse transcriptase and then amplified by PCR. Used for RNA viruses such as influenza, RSV, SARS-CoV-2, and HCV. In procurement documents, confirm whether "RT-PCR" refers to real-time (quantitative) or endpoint (qualitative) reading.
Glossary Term
Ribonuclease inhibitor (461 aa, ~50 kDa) is encoded by the human RNH1 gene. This protein plays a role in the inhibition of ribonucleases.
Glossary Term
Single-stranded long chain of nucleotides containing ribose. It is the end product of DNA transcription by the enzyme RNA polymerase. It is essential in protein synthesis.
