Indicators
PIK3CA Gene
This gene is involved in second messenger signaling, apoptosis, cell growth and angiogenesis.
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Indicators
This gene is involved in second messenger signaling, apoptosis, cell growth and angiogenesis.
Glossary Term
Chemicals that are added to drug products to prolong shelf life and maintain sterility. Protection of formulations, especially aqueous solutions, against microbial growth requires use of either antibacterial or antifungal preservatives. Generally, such agents are active against either bacteria or fungi but a few are active against both. The antimicrobials include but not limited to chlorobutanol, benzyl alcohol, sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, and phenol. The antioxidizing agents include butylated hydroxytoluene, hydroxyanisole, propyl gallate, and sulfites. The necessary addition of preservatives for both safety and economy sometimes has been associated with significant adverse effects in certain patient populations.
Indicators
Prolactin (227 aa, ~26 kDa) is encoded by the human PRL gene. This protein is involved in the promotion of lactation in the mammary gland.
Indicators
This gene is involved in cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and migration. It also plays a role in apoptosis.
Indicators
This gene is involved in the regulation of cell differentiation, growth and proliferation.
Indicators
This gene plays an essential role in neural crest development, cellular growth and differentiation. Mutations in the gene are associated with a variety of neoplasias and carcinomas.
Indicators
The fat soluble vitamin retinol. Vitamin A binds to and activates retinoid receptors (RARs), thereby inducing cell differentiation and apoptosis of some cancer cell types and inhibiting carcinogenesis. Vitamin A plays an essential role in many physiologic processes, including proper functioning of the retina, growth and differentiation of target tissues, proper functioning of the reproductive organs, and modulation of immune function.
Indicators
This gene plays a role in receptor tyrosine phosphorylation signal transduction, and is thought to play a role in cellular growth or differentiation, but an exact function has not been substantiated.
Indicators
Sclerostin (213 aa, ~24 kDa) is encoded by the human SOST gene. This protein plays a role in the regulation of bone growth and Wnt signaling pathways.
Indicators
A non-essential amino acid in humans (synthesized by the body), Serine is present and functionally important in many proteins. With an alcohol group, serine is needed for the metabolism of fats, fatty acids, and cell membranes; muscle growth; and a healthy immune system. It also plays a major role in pyrimidine, purine, creatine, and porphyrin biosynthetic pathways. Serine is also found at the active site of the serine protease enzyme class that includes trypsin and chymotrypsin. (NCI04)
Tests
A method for virus culture and detection in which a virus sample is mixed with a susceptible cell type and then centrifuged into a single layer of cells. Following a short incubation, viral growth is determined using immunological detection techniques.
Tests
The determination of the amount of soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 present in a sample.