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Glossary Term
Fluorescence is a luminescence (i.e., optical phenomenon) in cold bodies, in which a molecule absorbs a high-energy photon, and re-emits it as a lower-energy (longer-wavelength) photon. The energy difference between the absorbed and emitted photons ends up as molecular vibrations (heat).
Glossary Term
A class of dyes when excited by light of certain wavelengths, emit photons and become fluorescent. Fluorescence gives fluorochromes imaging characteristics and are used to label or stain biological structures.
Glossary Term
Refers to a process where a sample is preserved with formalin and then embedded into a paraffin block for sectioning.
Glossary Term
A mutation occurring within the protein-coding region of a gene which results in a shift in the reading frame of the encoded protein. Frameshift mutations often result in the premature truncation of a gene product.
Glossary Term
Tissue that is not frozen or embedded in preservatives
Glossary Term
A tissue sample that has been frozen prior to analysis.
Glossary Term
Any DNA sequence rearrangement that results in the gain of one or more copies of a DNA segment that contains at least one gene.
Glossary Term
A deletion that results in the loss of a DNA segment encompassing an entire gene sequence.
Glossary Term
Typically involves transcription of genetically encoded information into an intermediary message (messenger RNA) and subsequent translation into a functional protein.
Glossary Term
Any hybrid gene formed from two previously separate genes. Such fusions occur as a result of translocation, intersititial deletion or chromosomal inversion, and often result in gene products with functions different from the two fusion partners. Gene fusions are associated frequently with hematological cancers, sarcomas and prostate cancer.
Glossary Term
Genetic Variation consists of deviation(s) in the nucleotide sequence of the genetic material of an individual from that typical of the group to which the individual belongs, or deviation(s) in the nucleotide sequence of the genetic material of offspring from that of its parents.
Glossary Term
The complete genomic content of an organism, and possibly the full DNA sequence of that organism. It is contained in a set of chromosomes in eukaryotes, a single chromosome in bacteria, or a DNA or RNA molecule in viruses.
