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Parathyroid Hormone
Parathyroid hormone (115 aa, ~13 kDa) is encoded by the human PTH gene. This protein is involved in the modulation of calcium ion and phosphate concentration in the blood.
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Indicators
Parathyroid hormone (115 aa, ~13 kDa) is encoded by the human PTH gene. This protein is involved in the modulation of calcium ion and phosphate concentration in the blood.
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An irregular, disc-shaped element in the blood that assists in blood clotting. Platelets are not blood cells, they are fragments of large bone marrow cells called megakaryocytes.
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A measurement of the clotting time of plasma recalcified in the presence of excess tissue thromboplastin; it is a measure of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. It is used to determine the clotting tendency of blood, in the measure of warfarin dosage, liver damage and vitamin K status. Factors measured are fibrinogen, prothrombin, and factors V, VII, and X.
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Prostate-specific antigen — a prostate tissue protein whose blood level rises in prostate cancer and in common benign conditions.
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A nonmetallic chemical element found in trace amounts in human body. Selenium primarily occurs in vivo as selenocompounds, mostly selenoproteins such as glutathione peroxidase and thioredoxin reductase (enzymes responsible for detoxification). Alone or in combination with Vitamin E, selenocompounds act as antioxidants. These agents scavenge free radicals; prevent blood clots by inhibiting platelet aggregation; strengthen the immune system; and have been shown, in some instances, to inhibit chromosomal damage and mutations. Exhibiting chemopreventive activity, selenocompounds also inhibit the induction of protein kinase C.
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Troponin I, troponin T, and troponin C are the three closely associated subunits of the troponin complex of thin filaments in muscle. The complex serves as a calcium-sensitive switch that regulates muscle contraction. Troponin T binds tropomyosin to the troponin complex and inhibits F-actin-myosin interactions. The troponin T gene family comprises three isoforms: slow skeletal (TNNT1), cardiac (TNNT2) and fast skeletal (TNNT3). Because it is not normally found in blood, cardiac troponin-T in serum is a sensitive indicator of myocardial cell injury.
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A nitrogenous compound containing a carbonyl group attached to two amine groups with osmotic diuretic activity. In vivo, urea is formed in the liver via the urea cycle from ammonia and is the final end product of protein metabolism. Administration of urea elevates blood plasma osmolality, resulting in enhanced flow of water from tissues, including the brain, cerebrospinal fluid and eye, into interstitial fluid and plasma, thereby decreasing pressure in those tissues and increasing urine outflow.
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A white tasteless odorless crystalline product of protein metabolism, found in the blood and urine, as well as trace amounts found in the various organs of the body. It can build up and form stones or crystals in various disease states.
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A group of water-soluble vitamins essential for metabolism and normal physiological functions. B6 vitamins, including pyridoxine, pyridoxal, and pyridoxamine, are converted in vivo to pyridoxal phosphate, a cofactor necessary for the synthesis of amino acids, neurotransmitters, and sphingolipids. More than 100 enzymes involved in protein metabolism require vitamin B6 as a cofactor. Vitamin B6 is essential to red blood cell, nervous system, and immune systems functions and helps maintain normal blood glucose levels. Vitamin B6 is found in a wide variety of foods including cereals, beans, meat, poultry, fish, and some fruits and vegetables. (NCI04)
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von Willebrand factor (2813 aa, ~309 kDa) is encoded by the human VWF gene. This protein is involved in platelet adhesion and blood coagulation.