Glossary Term
Ribonucleic Acid
Single-stranded long chain of nucleotides containing ribose. It is the end product of DNA transcription by the enzyme RNA polymerase. It is essential in protein synthesis.
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Glossary Term
Single-stranded long chain of nucleotides containing ribose. It is the end product of DNA transcription by the enzyme RNA polymerase. It is essential in protein synthesis.
Glossary Term
An RNA molecule that does not contain protein-coding sequence information and constitutes the majority of the cellular RNA (~80%). This nucleic acid associates with multiple proteins to form ribosomes, which are the organelles that drive mRNA-directed protein synthesis.
Glossary Term
A 20 to 25-nucleotide double-stranded RNA which is involved in a sequence-specific messenger RNA degradation process known as RNA interference.
Glossary Term
A genetic process in which single-stranded RNA with base sequence complementary to a region of plus strand DNA is synthesized by DNA-dependent RNA polymerases. Following the binding of RNA polymerase on DNA promoter regions, the RNA product is synthesized in a 5' to 3' direction, elongating RNA along the DNA strand as the polymerase proceeds, accompanied by unwinding and rewinding of the DNA template.
Glossary Term
The complete set of RNA transcripts that are produced by the genome, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.
Glossary Term
A class of short adaptor RNAs that transfers a specific amino acid to a growing polypeptide chain at the ribosomal site of protein synthesis during translation. Each transfer RNA comprises a three-nucleotide sequence that is complementary to the triplet nucleotide coding sequence of an mRNA, conferring specificity to the amino acid being incorporated into the assembling protein.
Glossary Term
The product of so-called RNA genes; a functional RNA represents the final product of a gene rather than a transient molecule that will be translated into protein.